Terminologia prawosławna w języku polskim. Kalki wyrazowe

Abstract

Contemporary Orthodox terminology in Polish is a lexical area in the process of formation. In addition to native words, as well as proper borrowings, primarily Church Slavonic, Greek, a few Latin and East Slavonic, a group of lexical calques can be found. The paper characterises word calques, which are structural and semantic copies of foreign terms, especially Church Slavicisms, Graecisms and Latinisms. In the case of many calques, it is difficult to clearly determine their origin, so the most likely sources are cited. Some of such formations have been borrowed from general Polish and Catholic terminology, e.g. jutrznia, miłosierdzie, błogosławieństwo, while others were created in modern times in order to introduce missing or more precise nominations concerning Orthodox spirituality, e.g. dwupieśń, nowomęczennik, ucerkiewnianie. The parallel functioning of proper borrowings and their calqued equivalents is noteworthy, e.g. Theotokos – Bogarodzica, ortodoksja – prawosławie, staurofor – krucyferariusz – krzyżonośca, koncelebrans – współsprawujący. The characteristic of word calques presented in the paper, although selective and incomplete, allows for the indication of quite important features related to the etymology, structure and functioning of such formations in contemporary Orthodox terminology.