Miejsce i rola definicji artystycznej w tekście poetyckim (na przykładzie poezji Jana Twardowskiego)

Abstract

The artistic (or poetic) definition is one of the components of the world created by the author. It is usually in the formal shape of syntactic structure, typical of definitions, however, it does not meet the requirements of classic or colloquial definition. The artistic definition is subjective in as much as it is a personal suggestion of the author how to define an object or a phenomenon in a particular text. The aim of my study was to establish the linguistic form and the function of poetic definitions in the poems by Jan Twardowski. The analysis, which has been carried out from this angle, provokes some general reflections: 1. In the poetry by Jan Twardowski we can frequently see the poetic definitions in the form of three-piece structures: definiendum, linking device (function words such as is, which is, which means or a dash) as well as definiens; 2. The meaning of both definiendum and definiens needs to be interpreted in the context of whole poem; 3. In many definitions there is no reference to genus proximum or it is untypical, surprising; 4. In the poems by Twardowski the poetic definitions are usually related to the fundamental issues, important to human existence: faith, death, emotions (love), mental states (despair, loneliness); 5. The poetical definitions in the poems by Jan Twardowski are one of the important components of the created world. They indicate the importance of the distinguished as well as characterized objects and phenomena from the viewpoint of a man of faith.