Asymmetries in the European Research Area: A Comparative Analysis of Countries’ Participation in the Horizon Europe Program (2021–2026)

Abstract

Purpose | The objective of this article is to identify disparities among selected Euro¬pean countries regarding participation in the Horizon Europe program and to assess how these disparities are associated with the potential of their national research and development (R&D) systems. Research method | The study was conducted using a comparative analysis of Germany, France, Finland, and Poland. Secondary data from the European Commission’s Horizon Europe Dashboard and Eurostat were utilised. The analysis covered indicators related to application activity, participation effectiveness, funding levels, scientific excellence, expert and network integration, and the potential of R&D systems. The analysis covers the period 2021–2026, with 2026 data reflecting the program implementation status at the time of data collection. Results | The results indicate significant disparities among the analysed countries. Germany and France hold the strongest positions in the Horizon Europe program. Finland stands out for its high R&D system potential despite a relatively lower scale of participation. Poland achieved the lowest scores in most of the analysed areas, particularly in terms of scientific excellence, R&D potential, and participation effec¬tiveness. It was found that a higher position in the program is associated with greater R&D system potential, a higher level of scientific excellence, and stronger integration into international research collaboration networks. Originality / value / implications / recommendations | The article combines an analysis of participation in the Horizon Europe program with an assessment of the potential of national R&D systems. The results provide a basis for assessing the effectiveness of measures aimed at reducing inequalities in the European Research Area and promoting more balanced participation by member states in EU framework programs.