„Сентэнцыя” і „максіма” як семантычныя разнавіднасці афарызма паводле яго адносінаў да рэчаіснасці (на матэрыяле славянскіх і германскіх моў)

Abstract

Article is devoted to the linguistic analysis of semantics of an aphorism from the point of view of his attitude to a reality. The aphorism is defined as the sentence (as well a cliche) which designates any law of a reality. All aphorisms can be differentiated on semantic “discrepancy vs. consistency” of a reality. All aphorisms, which semantics does not contradict a reality, it is possible to differentiate on “importance vs. insignificance”, “essential vs. unessential”, “regularities vs. not a regularities” the laws of a reality expressed in them. All aphorisms which designate “insignificance”, “unessential” and “not regularity” of law of a reality, it is possible to be differentiated to an attribute “presence vs. absence” of behavioural reaction of the person on them to accordingly “directive aphorisms” (or as latin “maxima”) and “declarative aphorisms” (or as latin “sententia”). Concepts “maxima” and “sententia” are defined in terms of linguistics as semantic categories of an aphorism.