Transformacje gramatyczne jako jeden ze sposobów tłumaczenia przez R. Łużnego staroruskich legend i podań

Abstract

Ryszard Łużny in his translation of Old Russian legends into Polish aimed for maintaining fidelity of the translated text to the original text. The analysis showed, however, that even in such closely related languages as Polish and Russian this is a very difficult aim to reach. As a consequence, due to various reasons, the translator applied several translation transformations which resulted in the changes in both semantics and the structure of the compared lexical units. In the analysed examples the most frequent grammatical transformation refers to the replacement of a separate word in the original text into word phrase in the translated text. The examples of the opposite process can also be found. Another method of grammatical transformations is based on the change of the number of nouns, verbs and these parts of speech which define them. There are also units of translation in which original structure without a preposition was replaced in the translated text by prepositional structure, by units in whitch the text was translated with the help of other parts of speech, by the change of grammatical category within one and the same part of speech, by the replacemant of a sentence word with the full sentence and the others. As a result of these translation methods there appears a translated text adapted to the system of Polish, its linguistic norms and habits.