The Diversity of EU Member States in Terms of Technological Competitiveness in 2019 and 2022

Abstract

Goal – The aim of the paper is to evaluate the diversity of EU member states in terms of technological competitiveness in 2019 and 2022 and to assess relationships between technological competitiveness and eco-innovativeness. Three research questions were developed: did technological competitiveness deteriorate due to pandemic? Does technological competitiveness influence eco-innovativeness of EU countries? Do external or internal sources of technological competitiveness contribute to the higher level of eco-innovativeness? Research methodology – Hellwig’s method was used to rank EU countries on their technological competitiveness with division to classes of objects with similar features. Relationship between technological competitiveness and eco-innovativeness was researched with the use of Spearman’s correlation coefficient and the influence of technological competitiveness’ single variables on eco-innovativeness was assessed. Score/results – The technological competitiveness of EU member states remains below the average level, but it has improved in the analysed period. A strong positive relationship between technological competitiveness and eco-innovations in 2019 has decreased to a moderate level in 2022. A strong correlation was found between patent applications to the EPO and the level of eco-innovativeness of EU countries. Originality/value – The originality of paper is represented by the chosen research method and the set of diagnostic variables. The value of the research results is associated with identifying features fostering eco-innovativeness which can be strengthened by innovation policy.