Reinterpretacja komponentów onomastycznych frazeologizmów jako problem translatoryczny (na materiale wybranych języków europejskich)

Abstract

Certain idioms contain onomastic components reinterpreted in the unit gaining meanings. Any onomastic component may undergo the process of reinterpretation, yet the most common to be reinterpreted are anthroponyms and toponyms. The reinterpretation of the onomastic component introduces an element of humour, therefore, is the key component determining the character of the whole idiom. The question arises how to retain it in the translation in the case an absolute equivalent does not exist in the target language. The majority of idioms analyzed do not have such equivalent units in other languages. There are three main methods of translating idioms containing reinterpreted components, i.e. finding a non-phrasological equivalent, deciding on a phraseological equivalent or creating an calque equivalent. Non-phraseological translation of the idioms analyzed removes the stylistic markedness, conventional character and the element of humour from the translation. Phraseological translation tends to be the most adequate, yet the degree ot equivalents depends to a great extent on other factors, such as frequency, usage, etc of a phraseological equivalent. Thus, in some context the non-phraseological translalion may be a more suitabie solution. Creative translation requires calquing the names to be reinterpreted in the target language in order to calque the unit. The humorous character ot the idiom remains in the translation, yet the tack ot conventionalization is observed, since the units is ot individual character. It is Ihe context that delermines the technique to be adopted in order to ensure a high degree ot idiom transiation.