Исторический опыт негативной антропологии и судьба возвышенного в литературе и философии XX и XXI вв.

Abstract

The author traces the evolution of the Sublime idea and its introduction into European worldview as new esthetic and moral value, based on researches of Burke, Kant, Schiller, Hegel, and Kierkegaard. The author tries to answer the following questions: Why are the milestones shifted in art work evaluation? What is contemporary experience of the sublime and is it possible? How are new literary techniques contrary to traditional esthetic experience formed? Focusing toward negative anthropology experience (of Gulag and Oswiecim), using the example of prison camp prose the author demonstrates the ambivalence of the sublime (since its objects are dual). The apprehension of the Beautiful, of Good, of Order and of Sacrum, as well as experiences of Pain, Suffering, Violence, Humiliation and Horror, save from decay and elevate upon unbearableness of Existence, when by-gone experience becomes ideal ethical state of life. The author wonders if today literature is able to rise in quest of the sublime and touch the heights of philosophical reflection, and to express by-gone experience (of negative anthropology) not as accidental but as metaphysical and transcendental.