Konstytucyjne ramy systemu rządów w Chińskiej Republice Ludowej

Abstract

The main purpose of this article is to explain the changes that have taken place in recent years in the political and constitutional system of the People’s Republic of China. It focuses on providing basic information about the characteristics of the Chinese system of government, presentation of the most important ideologies, description of individual competences and the structure of central bodies, such as: the National People’s Congress, the NPC’s Standing Committee, the President and Vice-President of the PRC, the State Council, the Central Military Commission and the judiciary, and in particular the Supreme People’s Court, the prosecutor’s offices with the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the supervisory commission, the legislative mode and the party system, as well as highlighting the changes that followed the amendment to the constitution of the PRC which occurred in 2018. The article aims at providing the most up-to-date knowledge on the shape of the Chinese political system and its legal order on the 70th anniversary of the PRC’s creation. The article also aims to solve a significant research problem: did the amendment to the Constitution of the PRC of 2018, which inter alia abolished the term of office of the chairman and vice-chairman of the PRC, disturb the existing balance of power thus leading to the gradual transition of the system of government in the Middle Kingdom from a parliamentary system to a presidential one?