Дом и «кочевье» в канунной русской культуре начала ХХ века

Abstract

The article analyzes the semantic opposition “house-nomadism” in the context of Russian culture at the beginning of the twentieth century. Transitional periods, dividing and uniting cultural and historical periods, are characterized by dynamism. The view of the world is changing; strong cultural schemes acquire a new meaning and a new content. The archetype of house in any culture is one of the basic concepts. It is a part of cultural space that is not uniform and has a substantial sense. The transitional period has its own characteristics, its own logic in the interpretation of the archetype of house. Each culture has its own characteristics in the perception, experience of space, so we can assume that there are cultures oriented on the archetype of house and cultures which are mostly oriented on the archetype of nomadism. Moreover the dominance of one or another concept shows itself differently in stationary and transitional periods. The article deals with the peculiarities of the perception of space in Russian culture. It also shows the phenomenon of nomadism in Russian culture at the beginning of the twentieth century using literary material. The concept of “nomadism” arises during this period and it becomes balanced by the actualization of the archetype of house as a sacred space, as opposed to chaos. The motif of the concept of house has become the “answer” to the “challenge” of transitional period.