Quasi-ekwiwalenty związków frazeologicznych w teorii, frazeografii i translatoryce

Abstract

Artykuł poświęcony jest quasi-ekwiwalentom, czyli związkom występującym w dwóch językach w identycznej lub bardzo podobnej postaci. Celem analizy jest wykazanie, że związki należące do tej grupy, tradycyjnie nazywane ekwiwalentami absolutnymi, zazwyczaj różnią się wartościami poszczególnych parametrów, na przykład nacechowaniem stylistycznym lub frekwencją.

Confrontative analyses show that some phraseological units have full equivalents, i.e. the units are similar in terms of form, semantics and stylistics, also called total equivalents. In fact, if a multi-aspectual confrontative analysis is conducted, it is it is hardly possible to find two units in the source language and the target language which are identical in all respects. They are bound to differ, for instance in frequency or gender restrictions. The paper presents the typology of quasi-equivalents, i.e. equivalents of phraseological units tra- ditionally called full or total equivalents, between which subtle differences are determined in a multi-aspectual analysis covering a number of criteria. As to the cross-linguistic differences, they manifest themselves in semantics, stylistics, variations, connotations and collocability of the phraseological units at issue. Another problem discussed is the phraseographic description of such units in bilingual dictionaries. Translation of units at issue is also discussed briefly in the paper to present potential problems and provide practical solutions. The choice of an appropriate cross-linguistic equivalent belonging to the group discussed depends on how subtle differences are actualized in a given context.