Artificial Intelligence as a Challenge for Human Rights, Labour Law and Antitrust Regulations

Abstract

This article examines challenges that artificial intelligence poses to the protection of human rights, including fundamental rights such as privacy, data protection, the right to work, and the prohibition of discrimination. Among the multiple regulatory dimensions affected by AI, three – the protection of fundamental rights, labour law and antitrust law – have been chosen for closer analysis as the areas in which the recently adopted EU regulatory framework (in particular the AI Act and the Platform Work Directive) produces the most immediate and tangible legal consequences. The study highlights the ethical and legal concerns associated with the rapid development and deployment of AI systems, particularly in contexts that affect individuals’ lives and freedoms. Special attention is given to the application of AI in the workplace, where automation and algorithmic decision-making may lead to new forms of inequality, job displacement and biased recruitment or performance evaluation processes. The paper explores the intersection between AI and antitrust law, analysing whether AI can be used to facilitate anti-competitive practices. It considers to what extent algorithm-driven pricing mechanisms act autonomously, and to what degree they may be intentionally influenced or optimized to benefit corporate interests. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for a balanced regulatory approach that promotes innovation while ensuring ethical standards, transparency and accountability.