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dc.contributor.authorWatase, Yasushige-
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-26T12:49:27Z-
dc.date.available2026-01-26T12:49:27Z-
dc.date.issued2025-
dc.identifier.citationFormalized Mathematics, Volume 33, Issue 1, Pages 95-102pl
dc.identifier.issn1426-2630-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11320/19655-
dc.description.abstractIn this article, we formalized the proof of the Stirling’s formula, which is considered an essential item in the field of statistics, as shown below: lim n→∞ n! n n+ 1 2 e−n = √ 2π using the Mizar formalism.pl
dc.language.isoenpl
dc.publisherUniversity of Białystokpl
dc.rightsAttribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)pl
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/pl
dc.subjectWallis productpl
dc.subjectStirling formulapl
dc.titleA Formal Proof of Stirling’s Formulapl
dc.typeArticlepl
dc.rights.holder2025 The Author(s)pl
dc.rights.holderCC BY-SA 4.0 licensepl
dc.identifier.doi10.2478/forma-2025-0008-
dc.description.AffiliationFaculty of Data Science, University of Rissho, Magechi Kumagaya, Japanpl
dc.description.referencesYves Bertot. A short presentation of Coq. In Otmane Aıt Mohamed, C´esar A. Munoz, and Sofi`ene Tahar, editors, Theorem Proving in Higher Order Logics (TPHOLs 2008), volume 5170 of LNCS, pages 12–16. Springer, 2008. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-71067-7_3.pl
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dc.description.referencesManuel Eberl. Stirling’s formula. Archive of Formal Proofs, September 2016. https: //isa-afp.org/entries/Stirling_Formula.html, Formal proof development.pl
dc.description.referencesNoboru Endou. Relationship between the Riemann and Lebesgue integrals. Formalized Mathematics, 29(4):185–199, 2021. doi:10.2478/forma-2021-0018.pl
dc.description.referencesAdam Grabowski, Artur Korniłowicz, and Adam Naumowicz. Four decades of Mizar. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 55(3):191–198, 2015. doi:10.1007/s10817-015-9345-1.pl
dc.description.referencesJohn Harrison. Stirling’s approximation. 2010. Available online at https://github.com/jrh13/hol-light/blob/master/100/stirling.ml.pl
dc.description.referencesNobushige Kurokawa. Modern Trigonometric Function Theory. Iwanami Shoten, Publishers (Tokyo), 1st edition, 2013. In Japanese.pl
dc.description.referencesNorman D. Megill and David A. Wheeler. Metamath: A Computer Language for Mathematical Proofs. Lulu Press, Morrisville, North Carolina, 2019. http://us.metamath.org/downloads/metamath.pdf.pl
dc.description.referencesLeonardo de Moura and Sebastian Ullrich. The Lean 4 theorem prover and programming language. In Automated Deduction – CADE 28: 28th International Conference on Automated Deduction, Virtual Event, July 12–15, 2021, Proceedings, pages 625–635, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2021. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-79876-5_37.pl
dc.description.referencesYasunari Shidama. The Taylor expansions. Formalized Mathematics, 12(2):195–200, 2004.pl
dc.description.referencesYasushige Watase. Formal proof of transcendence of the number e. Part II. Formalized Mathematics, 32(1):121–131, 2024. doi:10.2478/forma-2024-0009.pl
dc.description.referencesYasushige Watase. Formalization of Wallis infinite product formula for π and the Wallis integral. Formalized Mathematics, 33(1):85–94, 2025. doi:10.2478/forma-2025-0007.pl
dc.description.referencesFreek Wiedijk. Formalizing 100 theorems. Available online at http://www.cs.ru.nl/~freek/100/.pl
dc.description.referencesRafał Ziobro. Fermat’s Little Theorem via divisibility of Newton’s binomial. Formalized Mathematics, 23(3):215–229, 2015. doi:10.1515/forma-2015-0018.pl
dc.identifier.eissn1898-9934-
dc.description.volume33pl
dc.description.issue1pl
dc.description.firstpage95pl
dc.description.lastpage102pl
dc.identifier.citation2Formalized Mathematicspl
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