Emigracja z Cesarstwa Rosyjskiego i Królestwa Polskiego na tereny kaukaskie i do Gruzji w latach trzydziestych XIX wieku

Abstract

The problem of conducting a large-scale settlement campaign in the Georgian and Caucasian areas (and other selected remote parts of the vast Russian state) by the tsarist authorities in the 1830s is presented here in its administrative, political-economic, and economic-social aspects. Hence, at the beginning of the article, attention is drawn to the orders of April 11, 1832, and September 24, 1839, inspiring – by granting several concessions or privileges – tsarist officials to move to the area. In turn, the issue of encouraging – through the introduction of the law of April 6, 1832 – representatives of the declassed Polish nobility (the so-called „one-elders”) of the Taken Territories to move to areas including the Caucasus region was a combination of the goals of Moscow’s imperial policy, which was anti-Polish by design, and the desire to intensify the agricultural economy of the still sparsely populated areas. Finally, the publication of regulations on September 28, 1839, concerning the emigration of foremen, craftsmen, and farmers from the Kingdom of Poland allowed Georgia and the Transcaucasian Oblast to be supplied with highly skilled professionals; however, this hindered the proper development of the lands of the former Commonwealth.