O doprecyzowaniu datowania „Radziwiłłowskiej” mapy Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego z roku 1613

Abstract

W artykule przedstawiono analizę dotychczasowych badań stanów mapy Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego opublikowanej przez Willema Blaeu’a w roku 1613. Do niedawna uważano, że istnieje tylko pięć stanów tej mapy. Cztery, które związane są z wydaniami atlasu, zostały opracowane przez Fryderyka Wiedera (1929). Uważano również, że dwie mapy ścienne Litwy (w Bibliotece Uniwersytetu w Uppsali i Bibliotece Księżnej Anny Amalii w Weimarze) to te same stany mapy, jednak Gunther Schilder (1989) udowodnił, że mapa w Uppsali należy do późniejszego stanu. Analiza dużej liczby egzemplarzy mapy Litwy doprowadziła autora artykułu do opisu jeszcze dwóch stanów mapy. Dodatkowo wskazano istnienie jeszcze trzeciego egzemplarza mapy ściennej (obecnie zaginionego). Autor sugeruje wprowadzenie dodatkowej gradacji map według zidentyfikowanych stabilnych defektów, co pozwala na ich dokładniejsze datowanie.

The article contains an analysis of the previous research on the states of the map of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the so-called “Radziwill map”, published in 1613 in Amsterdam and included in Willem Blaeu’s atlases from 1631. Until recently, it was thought that there were only five states of this map. The four states that are associated with the editions of Blaeu’s atlas were described by Friedrich Wieder in 1929. It was also believed that the two wall maps of Lithuania, in the Uppsala University Library and the Duchess Anna Amalia Library in Weimar, were the same map, but Günter Schilder (1989) described in detail the differences between these maps and proved that the map in Uppsala belongs to a later state. The author of this article provides exhaustive evidence that the Uppsala copy of the map was printed between 1635 and 1638. According to the author, the Amsterdam edition of the map of Lithuania was first printed in the autumn of 1613 at the latest. Based on an analysis of wall maps published in Amsterdam between 1608 and 1618 and the suggestions by Paul Reklaitis, the author proves the indisputable existence of another copy of the wall map of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1613 (now lost). The author identified two new states of the 1613 map of Lithuania. In the first, a dot appears after the word Severiensis on the inscription Ducatus Severiensis Pars (ca. 1643–1645), and in the second the name of the town Der Memel is added (ca. 1645 and later). Hence, we are now aware of seven states of the map of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania published in Amsterdam in 1613. This article presents three defects (stable defects) in the copper plate of this map. The author suggests introducing an additional gradation of the maps according to the identified stable defects which permit more accurate dating. The article includes illustrations that demonstrate the differences between all the states in detail.