Языковая экспликация этностереотипа поляка в художественном дискурсе Ярослава Ивашкевича (на материале романа «Слава и хвала»)

Abstract

Ethnostereotypes constitute the most important fragment of the Poles linguistic world image. Ethnostereotypes constitute the most important fragment of the Poles linguistic world image. However, the means of language explication of ethnic stereotypes in the artistic discourse were not studied enough; this article is devoted to this issue. The subject of the analysis is the language markers of the ethnic anthropostereotype of the Poles in the first volume of the novel Glory and Praise by the eminent Polish writer Yaroslav Ivashkevich. The events happen in Ukraine, in Odessa on the eve of the First World War, the 1917 revolution and the Civil war. The author has created ideas about his (Polish) people in the form of cultural constants. The purpose of the study was to identify the specifics of the language explication of the Pole’s ethnostereotype. Among ethnostereotypes we distinguish autostereotypes („Józio had to deal with soldiers of the tsarist army... those were mostly Russians while he was a Pole”) and heterostereotypes and heterostereotypes („You, Poles, always have a confused view of things. In your romanticism, you are doomed”). The formation of auto- and heterostereotypes occurs on a general basis: the focus is on the most significant properties of the Polish national character, on the comparison of “one’s own” with “someone else’s”, in which the image of someone else is perceived through the prism of one’s own value system. The attribute of ethno-stereotype nominations is assessment, which is present in language markers. In particular, on the lexical level, the assessment is contained in the pragmatic component of the meaning of ethnonyms, anthroponyms, toponyms (Pole, Poland, Chopin, Warsaw), on the morphological level – in the selection of personal pronouns (we / you, our / yours), evaluative adjectives (the greatest), on the syntactic – in attribute combinations with the adjective polish („His face was really very Polish”), on the stylistic – in the display of stereotypes and features of the speech behavior of the characters („galician-like aspects of your speech”). In the artistic discourse Glory and Praise by Yaroslav Ivashkevich there are collective author’s ideas about the attitude of the Poles to themselves and other people, to their work, to surrounding objects, to changing reality, about the external and internal appearance of representatives of the Polish ethnic group, about their characteristic positive traits (patriotism, self-esteem, hospitality, tolerance, politeness) with a censure of negative traits (lack of principle, indifference).