Nazewnictwo osobowe północnego Podlasia w XVI w.

Abstract

The present description is devoted to the Iinguistic anaIysis of the 16th century collection of personal names originating from the northem Podlasie region as well as from the territory whose eastem parts border with the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. These two regions constituted the border-line area where the cuItures of westem and eastem Slavs on one hand, and Slavs and Balts on the other hand met. The above fact put its mark on the personal names system of Podlasie. The work is an attempt to describe the elements of the system- names, surnames and mutual Lithuanian-SIavonic name transpositions. The set of names used on the territory of the northem Podlasie in the 16th century testifies the complete domination of Christian names upon old Slavonic ones. Two-component native names introduced in the Christian canon are connected mainIy with the names of saints, for exampIe Stanisław, Wojciech. Historical names of Podlasie in the respect of the suppIy and the variety of phonetic types as well as the number of individual forms- show close links with both Polish and East Slavonic personal names. The links appear as the consequence of the co-existance of two Christian traditions in the region - Latin tradition cuItivated by the Catholic Church and Byzantine tradition propagated by the Orthodox Church. The presence of derived forms is a characteristic feature of the 16th century names on the territory of our interest. The dominating method of diminutives formation is the process of suffixal derivation. The highest activity in derivation in the 16th names of the northem Podlasie has been noted on the part of the suffix -ko (as in Andrejko, lwanko, Jakubko, Maciejko. Simko, Tomko, Wasko, Wojtka). The process of systematization of personal names material based on the formal-semantic criterium distinguishes several types of names: 1) patronimie, 2 ) originating from common nouns, 3 ) originating from place names, 4) originating from professions, 5 ) originating from ethnic names, 6) foreign, 7) not clear type. The dominating type which constitutes about 58 % of the collection of personal names is patronimic one. To the formants that derive the above types of names belong: -ic(z), -owic(z)//-ewic(z), -ow//-ów//-ew, -in, -ko, -ka, -ek, -ik/-yk, -ec. The greatest amount of derivatives was formed with the suffixes: -ic(z), -owic(z)//-ewic(z). Their high productivity in personal names of Podlasie turns out to be the result of the influence of the nominative model popular in the chancellory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to which Podlasie belonged from 1569. Among Lithuanian-Russian nobles of the Grand Duchy this type of name was widely spread, and its social attraction positively influenced its popularity in different social classes of Podlasie. The name with "wicz" on the grounds of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was equal, in social respect, to Polish noble form with -ski. The process of names formation in Podlasie took place when elements of different ethnic groups and languages intermingled. The most significant in this respect were Polish and Belorussian. Baltic component also contributed to this process. Belorussian element in the analized set of names is really important. It shows itself in lexical, phonetic and word-forming aspects (for example in names Bruzga, Bonda, Czupra, Husakowicz, Korzun, Tołkacz). Certain lexemes which motivated surnames of Podlasie confine their appearance to the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the bordering grounds. Genetic Baltic personal names recorded in Polish texts of the 16th century reflect the linguistic processes that were developing in the period of intensive contacts between Lithuanian, Polish and Belorussian. In some cases Lithuanian forms adapted by Polish indicate Belorussian as a medium in the process of adaptation (for example Gasztołd). Transposition of Lithuanian system of names into Slavonic system of names in Polish was carried on several layers: graphic, phonetic and morphological. Adapted forms show co-existance of some substitutional processes, for example phonetic-graphic adaptation is accompanied by morphological changes such as in Dojniewicz, Dzidziulewicz, Gerwelowicz, Ginwiłowicz, Radziwiłowicz, Tujniow, Żobow and the others.