Nowe rozwiązania prawne w zakresie płatności w ramach systemów wsparcia bezpośredniego

Abstract

Reformed system of payments under the direct support schemes introduces many changes. The previous regulations were not connected with direct payments from production but only subject to the fulfillment of cross-compliance requirements. which contributed to support and stabilization of farm income, and also contributed to providing the public, next to agricultural products also public goods such as food security or environmental goods (biodiversity, quality of the environment, rural landscape) . While the payment system in the next programming period of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for 2014-2020 is to support economically active farmers, with an emphasis on support for young farmers, small and medium-sized farms and with the possibility of reducing support to farms achieving the highest income. Under the new programming period the CAP increased environmental requirements relating to the support of farms, as well as maintained additional support to producers in areas with natural constraints. Under these new circumstances follows the reorientation of agricultural policy instruments. The introduced solutions have eliminated a group of owners of land holdings with the sole purpose of receiving payment to reduce the subsidies for the largest farms, and the money saved spent on rural development. Analysis of established legal solutions in the field of direct payments shows that despite the fundamental objective which is to ensure the appropriate level of farm income, which is the subject of increasingly frequent concerns of part of the economic doctrine , the new model of direct support is also intended to support environment-friendly agricultural practices. The established legal measures also apply (both indirectly and directly) to the protection of biodiversity and landscape through crop diversification, maintenance of permanent pasture, the maintenance of ecological focus areas, or equivalent practices.