Mapy leśne z obszaru guberni lubelskiej

Abstract

Przedmiotem badań opisanych w tekście były dawne mapy leśne wykonywane dla obszaru guberni lubelskiej. Opisano mapy sporządzane od końca XVIII do początku XX wieku, znajdujące się w wybranych zespołach archiwalnych w Lublinie, Radomiu i w Warszawie. Szczególna uwaga została zwrócona na towarzyszące prezentacji graficznej opisy w postaci tabel lub toponimów. Dawne mapy leśne dobrze ilustrują ewolucję w gospodarowaniu lasami oraz zachodzące zmiany w przestrzeni leśnej.

The goal of the research work described in this paper was to find, review and describe the old forest maps of the Lublin governorate area. The maps studied were located in the collections of the National Archive in Lublin (archive files 71, 141, 636 and 206 at the Chełm branch), the National Archive in Radom (archive file 44) and Main Archive of Old Records in Warsaw (archive file 402). Altogether 135 forest planning surveys from the years 1823–1939 were found (with text in Polish or Russian), as well as 396 loose maps from the years 1786–1941 (with text in Polish, Russian or German). Three principal historical periods were distinguished: the Austrian occupation and the Duchy of Warsaw (1786–1814), Congress Poland (1815–1914) and later times (until 1941). The maps found in the archives include 8 produced in 1786–1814 for the area of the Zamość Entail (file number 71). There is also a ‘Collection of Maps of Entail Forests’ made in 1793 (document number 1149), which is unique on a national scale. This consists of 72 maps from 1786–87, mostly at the 1:14,400 scale, with text in Polish, German or Latin. Among the maps from 1815–1914, more then half have Polish text, while the remainder (produced after 1870) have text in Russian. They are divided into three groups: maps of small forest areas located in various counties of the Lublin region, maps of forest administrative units of the Zamość Entail and forest thematic maps. The greatest number of maps are from the years 1918–1941. Almost all of these cover areas belonging to the Zamość Entail. They include maps of forest districts and areas as well as various thematic maps, including maps of foresters’ settlements. A few maps were made in the times of German occupation during World War II. The National Archive in Lublin contains very few old maps of the national (government) forests. However, it is known that many of these are to be found in the collections of the National Archive in Radom. Many extremely valuable forest maps are in poor condition. It is recommended that funds be found for their conservation, as these maps represent an important part of the heritage of Polish forest cartography.