Polityczne i administracyjne granice ziem ukraińskich w pracach Guillaume’a Beauplana

Abstract

Guillame Beauplan, autor słynnego Description d’Ukranie (Opis Ukrainy, 1651, 1660), wykonal Mapę Generalną (1648, 1660) i Mapę Specjalną (1650) Ukrainy, które najbardziej precyzyjnie odzwierciedlały terytorium Ukrainy w tamtym czasie. G. Beauplan planował dodać mapę do Description d’Ukranie. Małe mapy i plany Beauplana-Hondiusa (1652) pozostały jednak niedokończone z powodu śmierci grawera. Drugie wydanie Description d’Ukranie (Roüen, 1660) zostało uzupełnione nowym wydaniem Generalnej mapy Ukrainy. Mapy G. Beauplana (generalna i specjalna) pokazują granice Rzeczypospolitej i granice administracyjne województw, które są prawie niezmienione we wszystkich wydanych wersjach map. W tekście Description d’Ukranie nie ma informacji o granicach i punktach rozgraniczenia. Autor szczegółowo opisuje obraz podziału administracyjno-terytorialnego ziem ukraińskich w składzie Rzeczypospolitej na mapach Generalnej i Specjalnej.

French military engineer and cartographer Guillaume Le Wasser de Beauplan (1600-1673), author of the famous Description of Ukraine (1651, 1660), founded a new stage of mapping the territory of Ukraine in the middle of the XVII century. Based on his own surveyings, G. Beauplan created the General Map (1648, 1660) and Special Map (1650) of Ukraine, which territory of Ukraine mapping was the most accurate and detailed at that time and became decisive for showing this territory in European cartography for centuries. G. Beauplan planned to add a map to the Description of Ukraine, as evidenced by a short note to the first edition (Roüen, 1651). However, the small-format maps and plans of Beauplan-Gondius (1652) remained unfinished due to the engraver’s death. The second edition of the Description of Ukraine (Roüen, 1660) was supplemented by a new edition of the General Map of Ukraine. The maps of G. Beauplan (General and Special) show the borders of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the voivodships administrative boundaries, which are shown almost unchanged on all issued versions of the maps. This geographical basis content element has escaped the attention of researchers of the G. Beauplan cartographic heritage. In the text of the Description, which contains a description of the nature and population of the south-eastern voivodships of the Rzeczpospolita and the Crimea (the region of Tataria), there is no information about borders and boundaries. The article covers in detail the mapping of Ukrainian lands as a part of the Commonwealth borders and administrative boundaries on the General and Special Maps of G. Beauplan. The author recorded the political and administrative structure of the Ukrainian lands until 1648. It was established that state borders and administrative boundaries mapping on these maps was not paid due attention. Beauplan’s maps were using in European cartography for mapping the territory of Ukraine or its individual regions for a long time in the second half of XVII and in the first half of XVIII century. Accordingly, These published maps did not displayed properly the political and territorial changes caused first by the Cossack state emergence of the in the first months of the Khmelnytsky uprising, and then by the complex processes of constantly changing territorial boundaries between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Muscovy and the Ottoman Empire.