Воспроизводимое и вариативное в текстовых реализациях паремий

Abstract

Статья посвящена выявлению и описанию маркеров связи окказиональных вариантов паремиологических единиц с содержанием их исходных вариантов. Автор статьи анализирует понятие воспроизводимости, акцентируя внимание на неустойчивости материальной и идеальной сторон языковых знаков; определяет причины частотности использования паремий в трансформированном виде, выясняет с опорой на тексты Национального корпуса русского языка, что способствует актуализации связи трансформа / отдельного компонента паремии с понятийным содержанием словарного варианта паремиологической единицы.

Reproducibility of linguistic signs is observed in the process of communication and manifested in the actualisation of the associative relation between a material representation of a sign and the meaning that is determined in every particular case by cooperation of the stable part of the conceptual content of the sign and the function that is attributed to the sign in a linear series. Reproducibility is an essential feature of paremiological units. Combination of linguistic and speech attributes in the nature of proverbs, dividedness of proverbs on components which represent meaningful words in a language system, hierarchical organisation of semantic paremiological structure determine the distinctness of manifestation of reproducibility. The canonical form of a paremiological unit when used in speech can incur substantial changes: 1) reduction; 2) extension; 3) rearrangement of components; 4) substitution of components; 5) composite structural transformations and etc. Preservation of the constant part of the conceptual content of a paremiological unit indicates reproduction of the paremiological sign in its occasional shell that absolutely has something in common with the material shell of the canonical variant. Recognition of that commonality is based on cultural competences of a language speaker. Actualisation of the relation between a transform of a proverb and the denotatum of the canonical variant of the paremiological unit is based on the use of the means that participate in reproduction of the relational structure of proposition of the canonical proverb. The use of a keyword/keywords in the function of a reduced designation of the propositional content of a proverb is observed in the scope of structures like “proverb about...”. Reduced notations of the propositional content of a proverb, autonomous uses of a paremiological component out of structure “proverb about...” represent the lower boundary of paremiological sign compression and are used to allude to a precedent (typical) situation. Special means of intertextuality objectivation (graphical, lexical, syntactical metaoperators) reveal the relation between an allusion mean and a proverb-pretext. Explicit representation of elements of a proposition of the canonical proverb in designation of an occasional situation is the mean of the actualisation of implicit meanings of a proverb and revelation of the allusion foundation.