http://hdl.handle.net/11320/894 Tue, 17 Mar 2026 15:11:01 GMT 2026-03-17T15:11:01Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/917 Tytuł: Między fascynacją a rozczarowaniem: Nowy Jork w prasie warszawskiej z drugiej połowy XIX wieku Autorzy: Stocka, Anna Abstrakt: For the majority of foreigners who came to New York in the XIX c., New York was the place where they took their first steps on American continent. As it was also the case with correspondents of the Polish press, one should not be surprised by the fact that they focused on this city. Their observations were useful for those who planned their trip to the United States, yet above all they were a source of information and resulting from it expectations concerning the biggest American metropolis. This paper deals with the presentation of New York in the Polish press of the XIX c. Such a profound interest in American issues in the Polish press might be a surprise, as in the Russian partition emigrational movement developed only in the eighties of the XIX c. Even though the items of news coming from America were not as numerous as e.g. from Paris, London or other European capitals, taking into account the distance, their number was quite considerable. Comments on their stay in New York were delivered among others by Kalikst Wolski, Roger Łubieński, Maksymilian Jatowt, Julian Horain, Krystyna Narbutt, Jan Karłowicz, Feliks Fryze, yet above others, by Henryk Sienkiewicz. Polish news desks posted also fragments of descriptions by foreign travelers in America (Louis Prosper Ernest Duvergier de Hauranne, Louis Laurent Simonin). There is no doubt that newcomers could not be indifferent to New York: some were fascinated, others disappointed. The metropolis stunned by its size, traffic, the number of various factories, commercial and service companies but also by its terrific views. Visitors to New York noticed that the city, unlike old European metropolises, did not have any monuments, which added to the character and uniqueness of those places. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/917 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/916 Tytuł: Dyplomatyczna i zbrojna walka o powrót Górnego Śląska do Polski Autorzy: Wrzosek, Mieczysław Abstrakt: The article is devoted to the events that led to the decisions about the beneficial for Poland division of the Upper Silesia in 1921. The Upper Silesia, extending over the territory of 12 320 square kilometers, is the land situated in the Upper Odra river basin. In the middle of the XIV c. it was torn away from the mother country and from 1742 it belonged to Prussia, as Regierungsbezirk Oppeln in the Province of the Upper Silesia. In 1910 as many as 2 308 000 people lived there. The most insightful research shows that Poles, dreaming about reunion with their motherland, constituted 64% of the inhabitants of this area. When Germany was defeated in World War I, it looked as if their dream might come true. Diplomatic bargaining of the victorious Coalition Powers with the defeated Germans resulted in the decision stating that the future of the Upper Silesia would be decided in a plebiscite. During the preparations for the plebiscite further diplomatic discussions lasted and staunch Polish-German political struggles took place. Additionally, regular military fights were conducted three times during the Silesian Uprisings (1919, 1920, 1921). Final decisions concerning the division of the Upper Silesia were made on 20 October 1921. They proved to be beneficial for Poland and that is why the third military confrontation went down to posterity as a victorious uprising. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/916 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/915 Tytuł: Rys historyczny myśli wojskowej na temat wykorzystania kolarzy w Wojsku Polskim II Rzeczypospolitej Autorzy: Kurpeta, Grzegorz Abstrakt: The issue of functioning of cyclists in the military forces of the II Commonwealth has not been researched properly so far. This paper aims at presentation of the development of military thought pertaining to their organization, shape and tactic usage. At the beginning cyclists were hardly present in the Polish Army, their small groups, used for small, specific tasks, did not have much tactical impact. During the interwar period it was pondered how to form them into small tactical units capable of fulfilling a wide range of tasks. Squadrons in cavalry units and platoons in infantry proved to be a good solution. That is how they were organized at the outbreak of World War II, in September 1939. The discussion conducted in the years 1923–1939 in specialist press, presented in this article, is not to be neglected as functioning of these units was not included in any military regulations or instructions. It was only in 1935 that the first works on the preliminary instruction on their tactical usage appeared. Engagement of cyclists for infantry, cavalry and armoured motorized weapons was pondered then. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/915 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/914 Tytuł: Sobór Zmartwychwstania Chrystusa w Białymstoku Autorzy: Sawicki, Piotr Abstrakt: The argument about the Church of the Radiant Resurrection of Christ in Białystok shows the complex situation of the Orthodox Church in the II Commonwealth. As a former state institution of the Russian Empire, when the Empire was dissolved, the Orthodox Church faced the challenge of legal adaptation in a new state organism. The church in question was built before World War I, in the square especially allotted for that purpose, which was conveyed to St. Nicholas parish under the Russian legislation. Practically throughout all the interwar period the Orthodox Church’s financial situation was not legally guaranteed, which allowed the authorities of the city of Białystok to dent parish’s ownership rights to the square. Generally prevailing unsympathetic religious and nationality policy towards the Orthodox Church weakened the position of the Białystok Orthodox society in arguments with the municipal council. Unable to reach a compromise, the Orthodox Church filed a complaint about the right to ownership of the square before the court. Yet still before the verdict is given by the court, the City Council adopts the resolution concerning demolition of the Church of the Radiant Resurrection of Christ. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/914 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z