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Trauma w perspektywie rytuału przejścia i konwersji religijnej

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Tytuł: Trauma w perspektywie rytuału przejścia i konwersji religijnej Autorzy: Zawadzki, Grzegorz; Zawadzka, Iwona Abstrakt: The aim of the article is both to determine whether at individual stages of religious conversion any indications of social pathology affecting converts occur and to point out similarities of the aformentioned stages of religious conversion to the rite of passage. For this purpose, the former’s Catholics narratives available on social media, in which they describe their path to conversion to Orthodoxy and Protestantism, were analysed. The research used the digital netnography method as well as qualitative analysis of the collected empirical material, carried out by the Lewis R. Rambo Model and with reference to the Van Gennep’s three-phase rite of passage. The content of converts’ narrative indicates numerous traumatic experiences taking place at individual stages of the process of changing one’s religious denomination.

History and Perspectives of Intercultural Dialog Between Poland and Belarus. Based on Biographies of Prominent Personalities

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Tytuł: History and Perspectives of Intercultural Dialog Between Poland and Belarus. Based on Biographies of Prominent Personalities Autorzy: Halavina, Hanna Abstrakt: The aim of this article is to draw attention to the constant relevance of intercultural dialogue as the way to go beyond stereotypes and ignorance between nations and as a key factor in preventing conflicts and developing intercultural communication skills. A special emphasis is put on the mutual awareness of the historical and cultural heritage and the great input made to it by the outstanding personalities living in the Rzeczpospolita I, the interwar and post-war periods. The text briefly describes the biographies of Kościuszko, Ogiński, Skirmunt and Niemen as characters belonging to two cultures. The literature on the subject was selected in a way to emphasize the intercultural nature of the above-mentioned personalities. The article also names the scientists, writers, political activists who are currently working on maintaining a dialogue between Poland and Belarus. The present state of cultural exchange between the two countries is briefly described in the text, the existing difficulties are defined and the attitudes aimed at preventing the mutual alienation of the two neighboring countries in the next generations are designated. In conclusion it is stated that Polish-Belarusian dialogue, considered from the perspective of mutual cultural heritage, has the potential for further development, under the condition of mutual appreciation of the cultural background of the past and the memories of it preserved by the nations.

‘After the 4th Month’ Questionable Food Labelling for Infant Products under EU Food Law

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Tytuł: ‘After the 4th Month’ Questionable Food Labelling for Infant Products under EU Food Law Autorzy: Farhan, Jakub Ali Abstrakt: This article provides a legal analysis of the practice of labelling infant food as suitable ‘after the 4th month’ within the framework of European Union food law. It examines the lack of coherence between Regulation (EU) No. 609/2013, Delegated Regulation (EU) No. 2016/127 and Directive 2006/125/EC, and assesses whether such labelling ensures the provision of information enabling the appropriate use of the product and avoids misleading consumers. The analysis considers the divergence between the positions of the World Health Organization and the European Food Safety Authority. The article argues for regulatory amendments to strengthen consumer protection and ensure more coherent, science-based food information provision.

Chemical Speciation and Coordination Behavior of 8‑Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid with Divalent Cations in Aqueous Solution: An Irving-Williams Series Study

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Tytuł: Chemical Speciation and Coordination Behavior of 8‑Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid with Divalent Cations in Aqueous Solution: An Irving-Williams Series Study Autorzy: Baryłka, Anna; Bukrym, Rafał; Ryza, Izabela; Bretti, Clemente; Sinha, Sourab; Cappai, Rosita; Lando, Gabriele; Akintola, Oluseun; Plass, Winfried; Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz, Beata; Brancato, Giuseppe; Milea, Demetrio; Gama, Sofia Abstrakt: In this work, the coordination properties of 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid (8-HQA, LH₂) toward Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺ are discussed. Stability constants for Mn²⁺, Co²⁺, and Ni²⁺/8-HQA systems were determined by ISE-H⁺ (glass electrode) potentiometry, and those of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺/8-HQA by ultraviolet−visible (UV−vis) spectrophotometry, in KCl(ₐq) at I = 0.2 mol dm⁻³ and T = 298.2 K. For all systems, three species are formed: MLH⁺, ML, and ML₂²⁻. 8-HQA proved a good sequestering agent of M²⁺ over a wide pH range, as also shown by the calculated pL₀,₅ values. The stability of the formed metal complexes follows the expected Irving−Williams trend, especially concerning the ML₂²⁻ species, with log β₁₂₀: 12.45 ± 0.01 (Mn²⁺) < 13.45 (Fe²⁺) < 15.90 ± 0.04 (Co²⁺) < 17.17 ± 0.05 (Ni²⁺) < 20.64 ± 0.03 (Cu²⁺) > 18.78 ± 0.02 (Zn²⁺). This trend is inversely correlated to the M−N bond length determined by quantum mechanical calculations. These studies, together with voltammetry and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, allowed us to derive information about the coordination modes, structure, and nature of the formed species. Results support the formation of ML₂²⁻ complexes over possible ML(OH) ⁻, with 8-HQA acting as tridentate in all formed species, including the protonated MLH⁺.