http://hdl.handle.net/11320/8275 Mon, 01 Jun 2026 16:25:16 GMT 2026-06-01T16:25:16Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/8370 Tytuł: The Schumpeterian Approach to Technological Changes in Different Economic System Autorzy: Ciborowski, Robert Abstrakt: Technology change is one of the aspects which should be analysed by various economic relations. The logic of regional systems concerns the integration of enterprises and regional institutions with their environments, which in turn provide them with necessary production factors such as: labour, entrepreneurship, material and non-material infrastructure, social culture, and institutions. The aim of this paper is to analyse the role of technology in the process of creating and using knowledge and its impact on the economic efficiency of the companies which function within their boundaries. The analysis is conducted using an Schumpeterian approach which gauges the influence of technology on the degree of knowledge utilisation and innovation levels in enterprises from regional economic systems. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/8370 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/8340 Tytuł: The Protection of Unregistered Designs in EU Law Autorzy: Kropiwnicka, Magdalena Abstrakt: It is significant that two forms of protection exist because some sectors of industry produce a large number of designs for products which are on the market for a very short time. Protection without registration formalities and fees is an advantage. However, there are sectors of industry which value the advantages of registration. These sectors value the possibility of longer term protection more than the shorter term protection provided by an unregistered Community design. One of the important benefits is that unregistered Community design protection does not require any documents, but the owners have to prove the exclusive right belongs to them. Another significant advantage is that an unregistered Community design can be changed to a registered design during the twelve- month grace period from the disclosure. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/8340 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/8338 Tytuł: The International Registration of Trade Marks under the Madrid System: Advantages and Disadvantages Autorzy: Przygoda, Agnieszka Abstrakt: The objective of this article is to present an overview, the advantages and disadvantages of the International Registration of Marks under the Madrid System. With over 1.3 million trade marks registered, the Madrid System is the top choice for international trade mark registration among multinational companies. There are three possible routes that traders might take to register a trade mark: national, European or international. A national registration system for trade marks provides protection at a national level only. Registration at the EU level through a single application to the European Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) in Alicante, Spain provides protection in all 28 EU Member States. International registration of marks under the Madrid System, administered by the International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in Geneva, Switzerland enables traders to obtain protection in a number of different jurisdictions via a single application. This article will focus on the description of the main features of international registration of marks under the Madrid System, its advantages and disadvantages which should be considered by traders before deciding which route to take in order to protect their trade mark. Opis: The information and views set out in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the company (British American Tobacco). Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/8338 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/8336 Tytuł: Music Trademarks and Their Protection in Trademark and Copyright Law Autorzy: Stopczańska, Dominika Abstrakt: The changes recently introduced in both European regulations (article 4 of the Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 of the European Union trade mark, article 3 of the Directive (EU) 2015/2436 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2015 to approximate the laws of Member State relating to trade marks), as well as in Polish national regulations (article 120 of the ustawa – prawo własności przemysłowej of 30 June 2000 Dz. U. no 49 position 508 with changes) make registering a sound trademark not only possible on the base of its graphical representation (musical score or sonogram) but also its recording. On the one hand, it will make registration easier, but on the other, it will significantly change the nature of the subject of registration. Especially, it will concern signs which could be called musical trademarks. Their recording shall be seen as a kind of process in which each step is created by another person: the creator of the work, its performer and finally producer. What is the most important, each of them has his/her own right, i.e. copyright or related right. The article will present the characteristics of musical trademarks, rights to them vested in their “creators” on the basis of Polish law and the relationships between those rights, including some specifics of musical trademark both as a trademark and musical work. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/8336 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z