http://hdl.handle.net/11320/822 Mon, 01 Jun 2026 13:05:50 GMT 2026-06-01T13:05:50Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/988 Tytuł: Stosunki międzyetniczne na Wileńszczyźnie w latach okupacji nazistowskiej (1941–1944) Autorzy: Bubnys, Arūnas Abstrakt: The strategic aim of the Third Reich towards the Baltic Sea countries was their colonization and germanization. 1/3 of the Lithuanians were to be germinized. The rest of the Lithuanians and Poles were to be resettled east. In the first years of the occupation German administration’s policy was favorable towards the Lithuanians. They took the most important posts in the local administration of the Vilnius district, moreover, they held executive power in their hands. On the other hand, the German administration controlled the activity of the Lithuanian administration and did not allow to discriminate Poles, Belorussians and Russians. The Germans tried to take advantage of the Poles and Belorussians to restrain the Lithuanians’ political aspirations. All nationalities were incited against Jews. In the second half of 1943 the German policy was already favorable towards Poles. The occupants avoided mass repressions. What is more, the German policy towards Belorussians and Russians was moderate and relatively soft. The Germans supported national rebirth of Belorussians. They tried to take advantage of Belorussian nationalism against Lithuanians and Poles. The German administration supported religious and cultural life of the Russians, propagated Russians’ “trips” to Germany to work there, encouraged them to join the police and army, and tried to separate the Russians from the impact of bolshevism.; Стратегической целью третьего рейха по отношению к прибалтийским странам была их колонизация и германизация. Германизации должна была подвергнуться 1/3 литовцев. Остальные литовцы и поляки должны быть переселены на восток. В первые годы оккупации политика немецкой администрации в отношении к литовцам была благоприятной. Они заняли самые главные посты в местной администрации виленского округа, в их руках была исполнительная власть. С другой стороны, немецкая администрация контролировала деятельность литовской администрации и не разрешала ей дискриминировать поляков, белорусов и русских. В качестве тормоза политических стремлений литовцев немцы пытались использовать поляков и белорусов. Все национальности натравливались на евреев. Во второй половине 1943 г. немецкая политика уже была направлена на поляков. Оккупанты избегали массовых репресий. Также немецкая политика по отношению к белорусам и русским была умеренной и относительно мягкой. Немцы поддерживали национальное возрождение белорусов. Пытались использовать белорусский национализм против литовцев и поляков. Немецкая администрация поддерживала религиозную и культурную жизнь русских, пропагандировала выезды русских на работу в Германию, наклоняла их вступать в полицию и армию, пыталась изолировать русских от влияния большевизма. Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/988 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/959 Tytuł: Losy polskiego dziedzictwa kulturalnego w latach drugiej wojny światowej i po jej zakończeniu w historiografii Autorzy: Matelski, Dariusz Abstrakt: Already in autumn 1939 departments of Polish government in exile started works aiming at cataloguing losses suffered in consequence of warfare and the Occupants’ policy (they were done by archivists, librarians, museum employees and art historians involved in the activity of Polish underground State). The total summary of the enormity of plunder and losses inflicted by the Occupants of Poland in 1939–1944 in the scope of cultural property was made in London upon the request of Polish government in exile by the team of experts led by Karol Estreicher (1906–1984). This subject was also discussed by national magazines straight after the War. The intensification of research on the restitution of cultural property on a wider scale was initiated only after the October Crisis of 1956 when the vassal dependence on USSR slackened. Then postulates to return the archives, works of art and book collections that had been seized after 17th September, 1939 were put forward to Moscow. The restitution from other countries during the times of the People’s Republic of Poland was only signaled in very few articles and minor contributions. Unable to deal freely with the issues of revindication with the PRL’s neighbors, Polish historiography returned to research on the interwar period and World War II. However, only after 12th September, 1989, when the III Republic of Poland was born and censorship was liquidated, it was possible to commence free research on the plunder of Polish archives, works of art and book collections during World War II and directly after it. Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/959 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/897 Tytuł: Troska o zewnętrzne bezpieczeństwo odrodzonego państwa polskiego Autorzy: Wrzosek, Mieczysław Opis: recenzja Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/897 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/842 Tytuł: Историография и источники военноинженерной подготовки Западного Особого Военного Округа в 1939–1941 Autorzy: Piwowarczyk, Siergiej Abstrakt: The history of fortifications in modern times has been the subject of detailed historical studies neither in Belarus nor post-Soviet states until recent time. The literature concerning Soviet long-term fortifications in Belarus may be divided into two groups. The first one includes books and articles about various aspects of the history of USSR in the interwar period, which discuss the issues of military and technical preparation of USSR’s borders to a greater or smaller extent, and the second one, which includes specialist works on fortification construction in Belarus and a role of fortifications in the fights in the initial period of the Great Patriotic War. Polish authors’ research is worth noticing among foreign publications. The main object of these authors’ research was a system of Soviet fortifications along a new Soviet-German border (so called “Molotov Line”) in 1939–1941). No wonder, as the greater part of long-term fortification objects (Zambrow and Osowiec wholly Fortified Region, Przemysk, Raworusk, Brest and Hrodna region – in major part) became a part of the territory of contemporary Poland after the War. Polish historians pay attention to general methodological problems of research on prewar Soviet fortifications and individual historical-fortification complexes, including Brest and Hrodna Fortified Region). Belorussian historiography practically lacks publications on tactical and technical-constructive characteristics of individual complexes and long-term fortification buildings as well as their weapons and interior equipment. Despite some success of Belorussian and foreign researchers (first of all the Polish ones), a great part of the 20th century Belarus fortification heritage remains insufficiently explored, and in many cases – not embraced by scientific research at all. Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/842 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z