http://hdl.handle.net/11320/5255 Mon, 01 Jun 2026 15:10:30 GMT 2026-06-01T15:10:30Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/5266 Tytuł: Optimization of the Formula for Cooperation Between Bialystok and Grodno Autorzy: Musiał, Włodzimierz J.; Zoń, Wojciech Abstrakt: Socio-economic situation and development of a particular region, county, municipality depend on many factors. Their location (geographic, geopolitical) is of particular importance. It seems that the role of the factor grows in inverse proportion to the deficit of other developmental factors. In other words, if a certain local government unit is not rich economically (e.g. its budget, taxes, etc.), or otherwise privileged, not only it should but it is obliged to take advantage of its position. The issue is to turn what has been generally a limitation (the state border, peripheral character, the end of communication routes) into an asset. That was the historical and geopolitical challenge faced by the municipalities Bialystok and Grodno. The historically Polish cities became split not only by the Polish - Belarusian border but also by the external border of the European Union. The problem that naturally arises from the fact can be brought to determining whether existing institutions and procedures allow to alleviate cross-border barriers. In addition, it has to be determined whether the current potential in this regard will provide or may ensure effectiveness. Therefore, the paper covers the principles of local cross-border and euroregional cooperation, prospects on the European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC), as well as geopolitical determinant factors of relations between Bialystok and Grodno. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/5266 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/5265 Tytuł: Implications of Arbitration and Mediation Implementation from the Perspective of Bialystok Autorzy: Perkowski, Maciej Abstrakt: In the era of progressive economic and trade cooperation at a national and international level, the number of disputes related to them is increasing. Statistics overviewing the activity of Polish courts dealing with proceedings in commercial cases confirm the fact. The development of alternative disputes resolution instruments, in particular regarding arbitration and mediation, gives rise to hope for remedying the situation. At the moment their scope is of little significance related to the entirety of legal transactions. Moreover, there are areas virtually devoid of them. The Podlaskie region is one of such areas. Recently, collaboration of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce in Bialystok and the Faculty of Law of University of Bialystok resulted in the launch of the Arbitration and Mediation Center of the Podlaskie region. As a part of the project, mediation services were commenced and further steps to launch the Eastern Court of Arbitration were taken. It seems that the undertaking can bring satisfactory results for socio-economic trading. The assumption will be possible to be verified in practice in the nearest future. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/5265 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/5264 Tytuł: A Classification of Polish Households Based on a Credit Portfolio and Debt Service Ratio Autorzy: Anioła-Mikołajczak, Paulina Abstrakt: The aim of this paper is to show the diversity of Polish households’ financial behavior in terms of debt as well as an identification of households that are characterized by a high debt to income ratio. The article also attempt to assess the debt to income ratio as a measure of households over-indebtedness. To achieve the main objective, the cluster analysis method was used. Based on the households credits portfolio and the level of debt to income ratio, 11 homogeneous groups of households were generated. Five of them were characterized by a high debt to income ratio (>30%), which classify them as overindebted. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/5264 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/5263 Tytuł: The Least Innovative Regions in Poland in the Process of Smart Specialisation Autorzy: Czyżewska-Misztal, Dorota; Golejewska, Anna Abstrakt: Smart specialisation constitutes an important framework for regional innovation policy making in the EU. According to the EU documents, the process of smart specialisation can be applied in all types of regions: the most developed ones as well as the least innovative ones. It is thus of great importance for regions with a low level of innovation performance due to numerous innovation challenges faced by these regions (such a situation can be observed in the case of four least innovative regions in Poland). The main objective of the paper is to assess the advancement of the least innovative Polish regions in the process of smart specialisation. In order to achieve this objective, the following detailed objectives are expected to be met: 1. presentation of innovation challenges for the least developed regions in Europe; 2. selection of the least innovative Polish regions on the basis of four indicators; 3. assessment of the advancement in the smart specialisation process in selected regions with reference to their economic, social and innovation potential. As research methods, the authors used descriptive analysis, analysis of strategic documents, case studies analysis and statistical analysis. As results from the analysis, the approach to the identification process of smart specialisations in the least innovative Polish regions was diverse. Depending on the maturity level of work on updating Regional Innovation Strategies, awareness of competitive advantages at the sectoral and technological level, used methods, different concepts of their identification have been adopted. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/5263 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z