http://hdl.handle.net/11320/22 Thu, 29 Oct 2026 08:25:46 GMT 2026-10-29T08:25:46Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21297 Tytuł: Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego jako szczególny organ bezpieczeństwa państwa Autorzy: Zabrocki, Patryk Roger Abstrakt: W pracy przedstawiono pojęcie, klasyfikację, genezę służb specjalnych oraz ich ewolucję w Polsce. Przeanalizowano organizację i kompetencje kontrwywiadu cywilnego w okresie transformacji ustrojowej. Przedstawiono pozycję i rolę Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego w systemie bezpieczeństwa państwa. Uwzględniono organizację, zadania oraz inne elementy związane z największą polską służbą kontrwywiadowczą. Scharakteryzowano status prawny jej funkcjonariuszy. Dokonano analizy systemu kontroli i nadzoru nad działalnością Agencji Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego. Przeanalizowano rolę i zadania największej polskiej służby specjalnej wobec nowych wyzwań i zagrożeń w warunkach współczesnych przemian systemowych formułując wnioski de lege lata i de lege ferenda.; The paper presents the concept, classification, origins, and evolution of special services in Poland. It analyzes the organization and competences of civilian counterintelligence during the political transformation. The position and role of the Internal Security Agency in the state security system are presented. The organization, tasks, and other elements related to Poland's largest counterintelligence service are taken into account. The legal status of its officers is characterized. An analysis of the system of control and supervision over the activities of the Internal Security Agency is carried out. The role and tasks of Poland's largest special service in the face of new challenges and threats in the context of contemporary systemic changes are analyzed, and conclusions de lege lata and de lege ferenda are formulated. Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21297 2026-06-30T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21193 Tytuł: Terminological Developments in the Criminalization of Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) in International and European Union Law Autorzy: Dąbrowska, Marta Abstrakt: This paper examines the evolving terminology used in international and European Union law concerning the criminalization of child sexual abuse material (CSAM). The analysis focuses on both binding legal instruments and soft law documents, tracing conceptual and definitional developments that have occurred over the past two decades. The study addresses two core research questions: (1) how do international and European legal frameworks define and conceptualize CSAM, and what definitional variations exist? (2) what terminological trends and shifts can be identified in recent international and European legal discourse, and what role have soft law instruments played in driving terminological evolution in relation to binding legal instruments? By comparing the approaches reflected in key binding and non-binding instruments, such as the Lanzarote Convention, EU Directive 2011/93/EU, the UNCC, and recent policy documents adopted by international organizations, the article highlights the gradual shift toward more precise and victim-centered terminology. The findings reveal a gradual move toward more precise, harm-based, and victim-centered terminology, reflecting broader normative and policy developments in the field of child protection, driven primarily by the soft law instruments. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21193 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21169 Tytuł: Metodologia rozwiązywania kazusów z prawa finansów publicznych wraz ze zbiorem kazusów Redaktor(rzy): Salachna, Joanna M.; Zawadzka-Pąk, Urszula K. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21169 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21022 Tytuł: The Renaissance of the Right to Strike in the United States Inside and Outside of Traditional Labour Law Autorzy: Szymanski, Charles Abstrakt: The epithets on the grave of the American labour movement have long been written. Yet hope springs eternal. Recent developments, such as the Covid pandemic and the role of artificial intelligence in disrupting traditional work models, have prompted suggestions that labour unions may yet become reinvigorated and have a role in safeguarding worker rights in the face of these changes. This article examines these prospects, particularly through the lens of the strike and other forms of collective action. While traditional union activity – notwithstanding raised hopes – remains hamstrung by regressive US labour law and low prospects for legislative change, collective action in the wider sense does have potential to boost worker rights. Such action includes both lawful and unlawful strikes and protests in key sectors, by union and non-union employees, and even non-employees, such as independent contractors. The subject of these actions may even go beyond traditional employment concerns and include human rights. Potential obstacles under traditional labour law and antitrust law are not insurmountable. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21022 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z