http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21192 Wed, 07 Oct 2026 14:53:29 GMT 2026-10-07T14:53:29Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21194 Tytuł: Using Anti-OSINT to Create a Positive Image of Internet Users to Prevent Criminal Acts Autorzy: Konieczny, Marcin Abstrakt: The role of using anti-OSINT to promote a positive image of Internet users and fight cybercrime is becoming increasingly important in the era of digital transformation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyse the specific features of using OSINT as a legal means of obtaining and using Internet user data. To fulfil this purpose, various methods were employed, namely: dialectical, comparative legal, systematisation, descriptive, and systemic analysis. The analysis found that OSINT can be quite vulnerable to disinformation, as electronic identifiers can be easily modified, which increases the risk of falsifying the personal data found. It was found that there are methods of obtaining data, such as information about the operating system, fonts, screen settings, and plug-ins, which allow for more reliable user identification. This is becoming key to improving the effectiveness of intrusion detection systems and identifying potential intruders in the network. The study emphasised the need to take steps to change the culture, including reducing the attractiveness of abuse among users. This makes such negative behaviour less attractive and less supportive. One possible measure that can be taken is to limit the ability to create multiple accounts for a single user, which can help prevent “long-term” negative effects. To ensure the ethical use of OSINT and prevent negative consequences, it is vital to develop and follow clear rules that follow privacy and data protection laws. This will help create a prominent level of trust and security in the online environment. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21194 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21193 Tytuł: Terminological Developments in the Criminalization of Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) in International and European Union Law Autorzy: Dąbrowska, Marta Abstrakt: This paper examines the evolving terminology used in international and European Union law concerning the criminalization of child sexual abuse material (CSAM). The analysis focuses on both binding legal instruments and soft law documents, tracing conceptual and definitional developments that have occurred over the past two decades. The study addresses two core research questions: (1) how do international and European legal frameworks define and conceptualize CSAM, and what definitional variations exist? (2) what terminological trends and shifts can be identified in recent international and European legal discourse, and what role have soft law instruments played in driving terminological evolution in relation to binding legal instruments? By comparing the approaches reflected in key binding and non-binding instruments, such as the Lanzarote Convention, EU Directive 2011/93/EU, the UNCC, and recent policy documents adopted by international organizations, the article highlights the gradual shift toward more precise and victim-centered terminology. The findings reveal a gradual move toward more precise, harm-based, and victim-centered terminology, reflecting broader normative and policy developments in the field of child protection, driven primarily by the soft law instruments. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21193 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z