http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20602 Thu, 02 Jul 2026 10:45:04 GMT 2026-07-02T10:45:04Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20619 Tytuł: Skargi i zażalenia w działalności prokuratorskiego nadzoru ogólnego w Polsce Ludowej Autorzy: Łysko, Marcin Abstrakt: General supervision by the public prosecutor's office in Communist Poland was implemented in 1950, together with the implementation of Soviet model of public prosecutor's office. The essence of general supervision was connected with the observance of the law by local administration and citizens. It was stressed that public prosecutors had to examine citizens' petitions and complaints as one of their the most important duties. According to law, petitions and complaints were constructed to protect citizens from the illegal activity of administration. In reality, they were treated as signals helping to improve functioning of State and economic apparatus, so that they were effective enough to realize goals of Communist authority. Complaints and petitions were taken into account from those groups of people, which were supported by the authority. It was important from their point to create the image of prosecutors as real and effective defenders of citizens' rights. In reality, huge amount of petitions and complaints was disorganizing the work of prosecutors, who couldn't concentrate on other duties. After the political changes in 1956 the role of general supervision was diminished. The prosecutors examined only these petitions and complaints, which were directly connected with the prosecuting. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20619 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20617 Tytuł: Nowe ustawodawstwo w nowym ustroju. O prawie karnym i cywilnym w pierwszym dwudziestoleciu Polski Ludowej Autorzy: Lityński, Adam Abstrakt: The problem what to do with the old law in new political circumstances in the 20th century in Poland - during the period of less than 75 years - occurred three times. These milestones were: gaining the independence after World War I, implementing Communist system after World War II and regaining independence after 1989. This text refers to changes in penal and civil law between years 1944 and 1964 - after taking power by Communists. In 1944, because of tactical reasons, Communists pretended that they preserved the continuity of legal system. They treated this problem instrumentally. In practice, they rejected regulations which were incompatible with the rules of new system. They claimed that legal regulations issued before 1939 were still in power, but, on the other hand, they demanded that "new class consistence" should be put into old legal norm. Because of that, new interpretation of old law played important role in the transformation of legal system. It was clearly seen in the jurisdiction of Supreme Court. After ten years of Communist power the legal system was completely different from the pre-war one, although formally old codes and other regulations still existed. Simultaneously, works on codifying civil law and recodifying penal law were held. They were ended in the 60's. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20617 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20616 Tytuł: O początkach prac nad kodyfikacją polskiego prawa cywilnego w 1947 r. Autorzy: Fiedorczyk, Piotr Abstrakt: In the period 1947-1949 works on the codifications of civil law in Poland were held. They were undertaken after successful process of unification of this branch of law in 1946. They were confided to a commission, consisting of five members and working in the structures of the Ministry of Justice. The range of works was initially limited to technical aspects of codification. The main goal was to join the unification decrees and construct new code. The commission was established in February 1947 and at once, on its first meeting, has made the fundamental decisions. First of all work regulations were accepted. Secondly, it was decided who is responsible for preparing drafts of parts of civilian code. The most important decisions referred to shape of new code, its chapters and the essence of regulation. The shape of a new code was based on German model, used in the Civilian Code BGB of 1896. Works on preparation of a new code were correctly organized, but, due to political reasons, they were not concluded. This was connected with the process of quick sovietization of Polish law, which started in 1948, in the second half of this year. In new political situation it was decided that there is no sense to continue works on "bourgeois" code. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20616 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20612 Tytuł: Echa radzieckiego ustawodawstwa karnego w piśmiennictwie prawniczym II Rzeczypospolitej Autorzy: Mohyluk, Mariusz Abstrakt: In 1917, after October revolution, the Bolsheviks took power in Russia. In this new type of State, with the system of "dictatorship of the proletariat", new penal law was created. This phenomenon was in the field of interest of Polish scientists, among them lawyers. In the beginning of 1920s several institutions were created to make research on this topic. The most important of them was Instytut Naukowo-Badawczy Europy Wschodniej (Scientific and Research Institute of Eastern Europe) in Wilno (Vilnius). The founders of this Institute are regarded as fathers of Polish school of sovietology. The research was also made by the individuals. In the field of penal law, the most important of them are Juliusz Makarewicz and Rafał Lemkin. They published the most valuable works in this time. Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20612 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z