http://hdl.handle.net/11320/17934 Mon, 01 Jun 2026 13:14:07 GMT 2026-06-01T13:14:07Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/17943 Tytuł: Strategic Approaches to Trademark Management at Polish Universities Autorzy: Rutkowska-Sowa, Magdalena Abstrakt: This study examines the role of registered trademarks in university branding, focusing on the Polish context. It explores the initial steps Polish public universities take in trademark management, the regulations they adopt, and the challenges unique to this environment. The topic has not yet been the subject of a comprehensive evaluation within Polish academic doctrine. This research is based on a qualitative analysis of legal frameworks, institutional practices, and documented experiences of Polish universities in the area of trademark management. The potential of trademarks as tools for institutional branding, protection, and revenue generation is often underestimated or overlooked in the strategic planning of Polish higher education institutions. While Polish universities have been developing resources to manage their trademarks effectively - such as building administrative teams and raising awareness about the importance of intellectual property - this potential remains underutilized. Polish universities often rely on public funding or historical prestige, reducing the urgency to actively engage in trademark strategies. This reliance leads to minimal exploration of potential market opportunities, such as partnerships, licensing agreements, or branded merchandise. Without external pressures, Polish institutions seldom capitalize on the competitive advantages that effective trademark management could provide. To unlock the potential of trademark management, Polish universities must adapt to or create market needs by demonstrating their trademarks' value. Strategies include engaging external partners, strengthening alumni networks, and using branding to attract international stakeholders. Institutions like Jagiellonian University provide a model for standardized trademark management, aligning with global trends where universities are both academic and entrepreneurial hubs. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/17943 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/17942 Tytuł: Creating Innovations within the Framework of Scientific and Industrial Consortia and Compliance with Data Protection Obligations Autorzy: Siemion, Katarzyna Abstrakt: One of the elements of building a competitive advantage is the development of innovations. With this objective in mind, market players cooperate with other businesses, but also with entities in the science sector, including research institutes and universities. One of the instruments used for this purpose is a consortium agreement, Such cooperation requires defining, first of all, issues related to intellectual property rights. Since personal data may be processed as part of such agreements, it is important to bring these processes in line with legal requirements under data protection laws, particularly the GDPR. The article analyzes first of all what personal data processing processes may be applicable in cooperation between science and business in the field of innovation, what roles in terms of personal data protection are played by the various entities and what obligations they entail, what special obligations in terms of personal data protection arise from the establishment of international consortia, including with entities from countries outside the European Economic Area, and are the rules that govern the responsibility of these entities for the fulfillment of their obligations under personal data protection regulations. Alignment of the collaborations carried out by consortium members with applicable legal requirements not only safeguards them legally, but also affects the economic and commercialization potential of the results generated in the course of such collaboration. These entities are thus seen as socially responsible, which fosters trust among science and business partners, public bodies, as well as customers benefiting from the innovations created. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/17942 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/17941 Tytuł: Joint Ownership of Industrial Property Rights in the Research and Industry Consortium Agreement Autorzy: Salamonowicz, Marek Abstrakt: The main objective of the article is to determine the rights and obligations of the parties to a scientific and industrial consortium agreement in a situation of co-ownership of industrial property rights covering research results. In particular, the analysis covers the impact of the co-ownership of rights on the commercialization of research results and employee entitlements to share in the benefits of such commercialization. The subject of analysis was the European Union law and Polish law. The legal-dogmatic as well as comparative method was used. Normative acts were analyzed, as well as other official documents containing guidelines and instructions for the parties. Examples from practice were also used. In conclusion, the legality of an obligation on the part of the consortium members to subsequently transfer their shares in the joint right to one of them or a third party is pointed out. It has also been established that such an obligation may be preceded by granting a license in favor of a later purchaser of industrial property rights. Moreover, it was underlined that in the light of the regulations in force, employees of Polish higher education institutions who have made an invention within the framework of a project implemented by a scientific and industrial consortium are, as a rule, due remuneration for benefits obtained by the university from commercialization of such research results. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/17941 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/17940 Tytuł: The legal future of tattoos – selected problems. An analysis of the case of Jeffrey B. Sedlik v. Katherine Von Drachenberg (Kat von D.) Autorzy: Ossowska-Salamonowicz, Dobrochna Abstrakt: Tattoos represent a multi-billion dollar industry that continues to experience growth (Global Tattoo Ink Market By Type..., 2024). In light of the expansion of this market, it is imperative to delineate the precise rights and responsibilities of tattoo parlour proprietors, artists, and their clientele. In practice, the majority of individuals with tattoos are unaware of their rights and obligations. It is not yet common practice for a client to request a release of liability signed by the tattoo artist. It is also important to recall that it is exceedingly challenging for the copyright holder of a design, or even a tattoo artist, to regulate the utilisation of the design. The paper examines the most significant case law pertaining to the legal protection of tattoos. The article employs the most recent and pivotal case law on the legal aspects of tattooing. Despite the analysis conducted (case law and literature on the subject), it is not feasible to derive consistent rules that could be applied in analogous cases. Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/17940 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z