http://hdl.handle.net/11320/1617 Wed, 10 Jun 2026 15:58:22 GMT 2026-06-10T15:58:22Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20103 Tytuł: Judicial Reform in the Era of Digital Democracy from the Perspective of Ensuring the Rule of Law: The Perspective from Poland and Lithuania Autorzy: Klich, Aleksandra; Syroka-Marczewska, Katarzyna; Gaubienė, Neringa; Pranevičienė, Kristina Abstrakt: In this article, we explore the complex challenges and opportunities arising from the digital transformation of the judiciary in the context of modern democratic societies, with a particular focus on Poland and Lithuania. As digital tools increasingly shape how justice is administered, ensuring the rule of law, transparency, and fair trials remains a central concern. We analyse the legal, institutional, and technological aspects of judicial reforms, including the use of remote hearings, algorithmic decision-making, online access to court services, and the risks of digital exclusion. Drawing on European standards, we highlight the need to strike a careful balance between innovation and fundamental rights. By examining recent legislative initiatives, court practices, and comparative insights from both countries, this article contributes to the broader discourse on the legitimacy, efficiency, and accountability of digital justice systems in a democratic setting. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20103 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20100 Tytuł: Digitalization of Political Parties in Poland: Between Law and Practice Autorzy: Pacześniak, Anna Abstrakt: Analysis of political parties’ digital adaptation is a rapidly growing field of research that was accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study of seven political parties in Poland, using the operationalization proposed by the DIGIPART project, provides information on the specifics of the external and internal use of digital tools in a young democracy. The main sources of data for the dataset are party websites, apps, social media and online participation platforms, which have been subjected to qualitative content analysis. The analysis confirms that the digitalization of parties is more advanced in external dimensions that directly connect parties with voters (the communication and resources pillar) than in dimensions related to internal party procedures (the electoral, deliberative and participatory pillar). The use of digital tools is influenced more by the level of intra-party democracy and the party’s distance from the centre on the right–left axis than by age or party size. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20100 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20098 Tytuł: Electronic Communication Tools in Participatory/Civic Budgeting: The Case of Warsaw Autorzy: Marczewska-Rytko, Maria Abstrakt: The aim of this study is to analyse the participatory/civic budget in Warsaw in terms of the use of electronic communication tools. Answers to the following two research questions are sought: (1) At what stages of participatory/civic budgeting are electronic tools used? (2) What are residents’ opinions regarding electronic tools used in participatory/civic budgeting in Warsaw? During the research process, the following research hypothesis will be verified: the electronic tools used in the participatory/ civic budget in Warsaw are being gradually improved, and the budget in this city is increasingly becoming an electronic one. This research primarily uses an in-depth analysis of primary sources, including statistical data, legal acts, reports, and evaluation documents. Eleven versions of the participatory/civic budget in Warsaw were analysed. The research hypothesis was partially verified positively. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20098 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20097 Tytuł: E-Voting in Commercial Companies in Poland from the Perspective of Shareholders as an Example of Digital Democracy: Challenges and Opportunities Autorzy: Czaplicki, Paweł Abstrakt: This article addresses the issue of e-voting in commercial companies in Poland from the perspective of the company’s shareholders. It presents this issue as an example of digital democracy and discusses the associated challenges and opportunities. The article is based on the dogmatic-legal and the comparative-legal methods. The main aim is to examine whether regulations regarding e-voting by shareholders on the resolutions of commercial companies in Poland have improved the conduct of shareholder voting or have established barriers that complicate this process. The second research issue is an attempt to answer the question of whether regulations introduced by the Polish legislature enable the use of modern technologies for conducting voting, including systems based on distributed ledger technology and virtual worlds. The research allowed for the formulation of the following research theses: firstly, the regulations contained in the Polish Commercial Companies Code allow for the widespread use of electronic voting methods by shareholders when resolutions are adopted. However, they are not available in all commercial companies, nor to the same extent. Secondly, voting using methods based on distributed ledger technology is also permissible. However, voting at a meeting cannot be conducted solely virtually. The conclusions include proposals for clarification of the legal provisions in this area, which will enable more effective use of e-voting in commercial companies in Poland. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/20097 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z