http://hdl.handle.net/11320/15117 Thu, 12 Mar 2026 14:24:27 GMT 2026-03-12T14:24:27Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/15122 Tytuł: Green innovations in Georgia and Poland: Comparative Analysis – Selected Issues Autorzy: Ghubianuri, Mariam; Zapolska, Karolina Abstrakt: This article analyses the concept of green innovations. This concept is based on the premise that economic activities should focus on the search for more efficient use of resources. Green innovations are a form of innovation aiming at reducing the negative impact of products and production processes on the environment. The aim of the article is to highlight some of the problematic areas in the way the legal systems of Poland and Georgia treat green innovations. In both analyzed countries, green innovations, are the part of the law that is still forming and its application lacks clarity and consistency. This paper also provides a comparison of the green innovations in Polish and Georgia which allows detection of similar or different solutions in the area of animal protection. The paper also shows the normative solutions in this area. The study of the outlined problems was mainly based on the comparative, dogmatic, and legal method. The article finishes with synthetic conclusions. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/15122 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/15121 Tytuł: Approval procedure for active substances in plant protection products - doubts of scientific certainty as a source of controversy. Analysis of systemic imperfections on the example of glyphosate Autorzy: Gembicka, Anna; Farhan, Jakub Ali Abstrakt: The purpose of this article is to examine the causes of recurring doubts regarding the safety of plant protection products used in the European Union. Plant protection products are a particular subject of regulation. All standards concerning them require prior in-depth scientific research in the field of exact sciences. Achieving adequate safety of humans, animals and the environment in connection to the use of plant protection products requires not only good law, but a law based on representative research and scientific certainty. Bearing in mind the above, the authors undertook an analysis of what seems to be the cause of significant social doubts as to the actual achievement of the purposes of Regulation 1107/2009, i.e. inclusion of scientific research in the procedure of approval of active substances in plant protection products. First, the approval procedure for the active substance of the plant protection product was presented, and then the main shortcoming of the procedure was analyzed on the example of the approval of glyphosate. In the authors' opinion, guidance documents on literature review should be revised to reflect the best scientific practice, and their standards should be enforced, in particular, to ensure that there is no doubt about the objectivity of the literature review. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/15121 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/15120 Tytuł: Legal basis and practical dimensions of humanitarian aid and civil protection provided by the European Union Autorzy: Lesińska-Staszczuk, Magdalena Abstrakt: The article focuses on presenting the legal basis and practical dimensions of humanitarian aid and civil protection provided by the European Union in the face of world`s contemporary problems. The humanitarian aid and civil protection provided by the European Union is based on a solid legal foundation, as well as a set of concrete principles and common objectives. In the context of ever-increasing humanitarian needs and limited resources, the EU, together with its Member States and humanitarian partners, will seek a more coordinated and coherent approach to providing help, where humanitarian aid and development aid are interrelated, allowing current needs to be more efficiently addressed. EU-funded assistance is delivered in different forms, depending on the circumstances and unique character of each emergency. What remains the same, however, are the values that guide the Union and that are required from its aid partners, i.e.: humanity, neutrality, impartiality, and independence. The European Union continues to be a leader in the field of humanitarian aid around the world, being not only the main donor, but also setting standards for compliance with international humanitarian law and humanitarian principles. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/15120 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/15119 Tytuł: New-Generation Trade Agreements and Their Importance to Trade Relations Between European Union and Third Countries – Vietnam Case Autorzy: Czermińska, Małgorzata Abstrakt: This work aims to show key provisions and importance of new-generation trade agreements made by the European Union on the example of the agreement with Vietnam. Empirical research centred around an agreement signed between the EU and Vietnam, which is the third new-generation trade agreement entered into by the EU with an Asian country, following an agreement with the Republic of Korea and Singapore. The agreement with Vietnam introduced liberalisation covering almost the entire mutual trade (goods), also providing for the liberalisation of services and eliminating certain non-tariff barriers. Due to a word limit applicable to this article, the research into the importance of the agreement to the EU-Vietnam trade relations was limited mainly to trade in goods. Having considered the fact that relatively too short period of time has elapsed since the entry into force of the agreement, it is not possible to comprehensively assess its importance to bilateral trade relations, especially in a long-term perspective. Such research should be continued in the future. In particular, this concerns research into the effects of liberalisation of mutual trade after the end of transition periods applicable to the elimination of barriers to trade – seven years for the European Union and ten years for Vietnam respectively. Following more than a year since the signature of the agreement, it can be claimed that the EU’s imports from Vietnam have increased considerably, which not only led to the greater negative balance of mutual trade, but also resulted in greater trade volumes for selected goods, and consequently, this may entail the elimination of certain barriers to mutual trade on the entry into force of the agreement. In this article, a descriptive and comparative method was employed, domestic and foreign literature sources were used and the provisions of the EU-Vietnam agreement and legal acts of the EU secondary legislation in the form of regulations were referred to. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/15119 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z