http://hdl.handle.net/11320/12439 Mon, 01 Jun 2026 19:09:00 GMT 2026-06-01T19:09:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/12469 Tytuł: Niewładcze formy działania administracji publicznej w postępowaniu egzekucyjnym w administracji Autorzy: Radwanowicz–Wanczewska, Joanna; Fortunato, Nicola Abstrakt: The article contains an analysis of the issues related to the application of non-ruling forms of activity of public administration in the performance of public law obligations through administrative enforcement proceedings. In principle, as part of such proceedings, public law obligations, understood as orders or prohibitions within the area of administrative law and other branches of law applied by administrative authorities (tax law, financial law, labor law), are carried out. Non-ruling forms of activity play a major role in administrative enforcement proceedings. The implementation of an enforcement measure may be related to authorized entities taking not only ruling, but also non-ruling actions. In order to apply an enforcement measure (which constitutes an institutionalized form of administrative compulsion), an administrative authority, on occasion, has to take non-ruling activities. Considering, primarily, the signifi cant severity of the compulsion measures that may be applied towards the party obliged under enforcement proceedings, this proceedings should be carried out with respect for the values of a democratic state and with due care for the good of an individual. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/12469 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/12467 Tytuł: The Role of Fiscal Expenditure Rules in Maintaining the Financial Stability of the State Autorzy: Lotko, Ewa Abstrakt: One of the main challenges which legal science faces nowadays is the creation of legal mechanisms guaranteeing sound public finance. The aim of this article is to assess the role of national fiscal rules in maintaining financial stability. Firstly, to fulfi l this aim, the role of fiscal rules and their efficiency was analysed. Next, based on the commonly used tool assessing the quality of national fiscal rules – the Fiscal Rule Index – the quality of expenditure rules in the EU countries was analysed in order to evaluate the Polish stabilising expenditure rule and the escape clause of its application. Therefore, the following research question is to be answered: whether in the face of an unstable financial situation of the state connected with an increasing deficit, deviation from the stabilising expenditure rule should be considered as being right. Research methods based on non-reactive research, i.e., analysis of professional literature, legal acts, and statistical data published by the European Commission, were used in this article. Due to this analysis, it was indicated that expenditure rules are regarded as one of the most effective tools to manage public funds, and therefore any derogations from the application of these rules should be evaluated negatively. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/12467 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/12465 Tytuł: Enforcement of the Obligation to Maintain Contact with a Child Autorzy: Lis, Wojciech Abstrakt: A child needs contact with both parents to be able to live normally and develop properly. This contact is ensured when the parents are living together. In the event that the parents are separated, and in the event of disagreement as to maintaining contact with the child, the contact is determined by the courts. Sometimes, however, in order to enforce this contact, it is necessary to threaten or impose a financial sanction. The question arises whether such forced contact with the child fulfils its role and serves the child’s well-being. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/12465 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/12464 Tytuł: The Electronic Bill of Exchange Concept from an International Perspective Autorzy: Czaplicki, Paweł Abstrakt: The aim of the article is to examine the structures of electronic bills of exchange. It also includes an analysis of the proposed shape of an electronic bill of exchange prepared for the needs of the Polish legal system by the Working Group for distributed registers and blockchain, operating at the Ministry of Digitalization. The comparative and dogmatic methods were used for the analysis. According to the hypothesis put forward by the author, the introduction of the construction of an electronic bill of exchange to the Polish and foreign legal systems is necessary to maintain the functioning and importance of bills of exchange among securities that are traded in the economy. However, the implementation of an electronic promissory note requires appropriate legislative changes, as the current legal status does not allow for an unambiguous statement of the possibility of issuing them. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/12464 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z