http://hdl.handle.net/11320/11947 Mon, 01 Jun 2026 19:18:28 GMT 2026-06-01T19:18:28Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/12005 Tytuł: Rozwiązania prawne w Cesarstwie Rosyjskim połowy XIX wieku wpływające na rozwój naukowy i edukacyjny lokalnej społeczności żydowskiej Autorzy: Rutkowski, Marek Abstrakt: The most important tsarist legislative acts from around the mid-nineteenth century, issued for the functioning of the different levels of education and learning of the Russian Hebrew community, should be related to a number of spectacular solutions, listed below. Firstly, the introduction of the permission to accept Jewish children in general municipal and district schools, junior high schools and "partial" schools of the Russian Empire, meant, in practice, the opening of the state and nonstate school system for the Orthodox population. Secondly, when on December 19/31, 1844, Nicholas I approved the Law "On surrendering Jews in cities and districts to the general administration, with the abolition of Jewish kahal", this decision had, again, highly significant impact on their educational and scientific development. Thirdly, it should be emphasized that Nicholas' legislation also directly concerned the Hebrews' ability to obtain higher education, as in April 1835, Tzar Nicholas I decided that those Jews, who had received appropriate attestations at the end of the lower secondary school and wished to continue their studies, should be given admission to universities, academies and other higher education establishments throughout the Russian Empire. Finally, let us conclude, however, that the generally positive attitude of Tzar Nicholas I to the development of Hebrew science was, to some extent, interfering with the activities undertaken by this emperor at the end of his life, especially when an ukase was issued on October 22 / November 3 1854 addressing the need for "better education of young people in Eastern languages". Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/12005 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/12004 Tytuł: Społeczność żydowska na ziemiach pruskich (Warmii i Mazurach) na przestrzeni dziejów. Zarys problematyki Autorzy: Lewandowska, Izabela Abstrakt: The author presents the state of research on the cultural heritage of Jews living in the area of Warmia and Masuria. In her view, this community – forgotten in some sense – has left traces of its centuries-old presence in the region, i.e. prayer houses (synagogues), Jewish cemeteries, tombstones (matzevahs), residential and industrial buildings, not only to be cared for but also to be used in an attempt to restore the memory of the living presence of Jews in this vast and picturesque area. Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/12004 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/11998 Tytuł: Z dziejów Towarzystwa Humanitarnego Żydowskiego B’nei B’rith „Achdut” Loży w Stanisławowie Autorzy: Ciwkacz, Olga Abstrakt: A Ukrainian scientist reminds about a little-known episode of charity work in pre-war Stanyslaviv: the activity of the Masonic lodge "Achdut", which ran its own Jewish charity association. The B'nei B'rith "Achdut" Cultural and Educational Society was founded in 1928. The B'nie B'rith "Achdut" lodge in Stanyslaviv was the last one built on the territory of the Republic of Poland before the beginning of World War II. The foundation of this Society was managed by "Leopolis" Lodge from Lviv. On December 9, 1927, the Statute of the "Achdut" Society was approved by the Stanyslaviv Voivodship Office. Already as of January 13, 1928, a request was made to accept the "Achdut" Lodge to the B'nei B'rith Association of Humanitarian Societies in the Republic of Poland. The researcher reminds of the famous activists of the Society: Dr. Karol Halpern, Dr. Marian Haskler and Dr. Artur Nimhin. Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/11998 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/11997 Tytuł: Zamieszkanie, instytucje oraz nauka Hebrajczyków jako mające wpływ na judaizm czynniki, opisane w obowiązującej w Cesarstwie Rosyjskim w „ustawie o Żydach” z 13/25 kwietnia 1835 roku Autorzy: Rutkowski, Marek Abstrakt: In the mid-1930s, Tzar Nicholas I ordered the review of the legislation referring to the Russian Orthodox community. Pragmatic considerations were thought to be the basis for this work, and its main purpose was to point out to the need to develop a legal framework that would give the Hebrews new opportunities of being able to "decently" live of their own work. Another idea was to allow gradual broadening of the content of education for the Orthodox youth. Consequently, on April 13/25, 1835, after the ukase of Tzar Nicholas I, a new General Law on the Orthodox community was introduced in the Russian Empire. This way, above all, the geographic sphere of their permanent residence was redefined. The very question of organization of Hebrew institutions correlated substantially with the provisions of Chapter Four of the Law, which deals with "rural and urban clusters, or Jewish communities." The fifth chapter of this law discussed the Hebrew "faith and rites", whereas the sixth part of the April Act of 1835 addressed the issue of "teaching the Jews." As one can one notice in the content of the law being analyzed, both: a) the description of the community and the kehilla, including the analysis of the function of the religious assembly and the rabbinate, b) as well as the detailed legal description of the educational issue, allow one to suggest the rather positive intentions of the tzar, regarding precisely these aspects of the life of local Jewish communities. A different conclusion must, however, come from the assessment of the tsarist policy of the 1930s, related to the restriction of settlement possibilities for the Orthodox community in the Russian Empire. Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11320/11997 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z