http://hdl.handle.net/11320/7832 2026-06-01T15:15:35Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/7862 Tytuł: Matt Qvortrup Referendums and Ethnic Conflict University of Pennsylvania Press 2014, pp. 200 Autorzy: Golędziowski, Cezary 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/7861 Tytuł: Referendum on Tax Legislation of Georgia Autorzy: Muradishvili, Khatuna Abstrakt: Democracy is the only form of governance, which historically gives people the opportunity to participate in state-run activities from the time of its immediate implementation. Article 5 of the Constitution of Georgia explains that people are the source of state power in Georgia and they exercise their power through a referendum, other forms of democracy and its representatives. Th e referendum in Georgia has a contemporary history, however, it should be mentioned, that its practical use is not systemic. From 2013, Article 94 of the Constitution of Georgia has made it possible to conduct a referendum regarding the issue of the introduction of taxation. Namely, according to Paragraph 4 of Article 94 of the Constitution of Georgia, “the introduction of a new type of state tax, except for excise or the increase in the upper limit of the existing rate in accordance with the type of general taxes, is possible only through a referendum, except for the cases envisaged by the Organic Law”. The purpose of the referendum issue is to promote greater involvement in public administration in Georgia, especially in terms of improvement of tax legislation. 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/7860 Tytuł: The Advantages and Disadvantages of Italian Referendum Tools Autorzy: Ratto Trabucco, Fabio Abstrakt: Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which people decide on policy initiatives directly. The article focuses the referendum as the main instrument of direct democracy in Italy and the main purpose of the analysis is to discuss the benefits and handicaps of Italian referendum tools. Particularly the abolishment of the quorum for the abrogative referendum that is the main goal for the development of the Italian direct democracy. The contribute demonstrate in eleven main reasons why the turnout requirement should be abolished: the vote should be free and decisive, meaning that citizens who participate in a referendum should be aware that their vote will be decisive, whereas those who choose not to go to the polls implicitly delegate their vote and decision to other voters. The future is the ongoing people’s initiative referendum draft which provides just a very reasonable approval quorum of 25%. Opis: Retraction note: The paper has been withdrawn because much of the text was published previously in Fabio Ratto Trabucco, Italian Direct Democracy Tools in Ali Farazmand (ed.), Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance (Springer 2018) doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3628-2 and some parts have been taken from Oskar Peterlini, Instruments for Direct Democracy in Italy (Prokopp & Hechensteiner 2012) ISBN 9788860690135, pp. 49–72 and 85–86. 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/7859 Tytuł: Referendum Challenges in the Republic of Slovenia Autorzy: Žuber, Bruna; Kaučič, Igor Abstrakt: The article presents fundamental characteristics of legislative referendum as the most significant form of direct democracy in Slovenia. In addition, it examines the reasons leading to the amendment of constitutional arrangement of legislative referendum in Slovenia in 2013. Fundamental aspects of judicial and Constitutional Court control of legislative referendum are considered. Focusing on jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court and its role in referendum matters in a broader sense, the article also illustrates trends of extensive Constitutional Court practice in referendum matters. An example of a referendum on disputed social issues is illustrated by means of referendums on two acts that have changed the definition of family and equalised same-sex and opposite-sex partners. Furthermore, the article tackles the impact that legislative referendum in Slovenia has exerted on the legal and political system of the country. In that context, on the basis of a particular case, it presents the impact of a referendum campaign and acts of individual participants involved upon voters’ will. 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z