http://hdl.handle.net/11320/66 2026-10-07T08:29:43Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21185 Tytuł: Changes in the Fertility Rate in European Union Member States in the Context of Socio‑Economic Development Autorzy: Bugowski, Łukasz Karol Abstrakt: Purpose | Contemporary demographic trends are playing an increasingly significant role in the context of socio-economic development prospects. One of the challenges facing EU Member States is low fertility rates. The aim of this article is therefore to identify the point in time when changes occurred in the fertility rate across the European Union and to compare these with the levels of socio-economic development achieved in those years. Research method | The article sets out the main hypothesis, namely that the decline in fertility rates in European Union member states is linked to the level of socio-economic development and is of a lasting nature. The hypothesis was tested using the relevant literature and data from Eurostat, the World Bank and the United Nations. Results | In the article the main hypothesis, that the decline in fertility rates in European Union countries is linked to the level of socio-economic development and is of a lasting nature, has been confirmed. Originality / value / implications / recommendations | In EU countries, the fertility rate fell to low (1.5) and very low (1.3) levels across a range of socio-economic development levels. In other words, the countries of the so-called “new EU” aged more rapidly than they became wealthier, in contrast to the so-called “old EU”. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21183 Tytuł: Knowledge Resources and Innovation Performance: A PLS‑SEM Analysis of European Regions Autorzy: Skrodzka, Iwona Abstrakt: Purpose | The study examines the relationship between knowledge resources and innovation performance at the regional level in the European Union. It focuses on the role of key knowledge-related factors: human capital, research capacity, and knowledge production, in shaping innovation outcomes, using a latent variable approach. Research method | The analysis is based on regional data for 2024 from the Regional Innovation Scoreboard. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) is applied to estimate the relationship between two reflective latent constructs: knowledge resources and innovation performance. The model is estimated using SmartPLS and evaluated regarding standard reliability, validity, and structural assessment criteria. Results | The findings reveal a positive and statistically significant relationship be¬tween knowledge resources and innovation performance. Knowledge resources explain a substantial share of variance in innovation outcomes. At the same time, ranking results based on latent scores indicate notable regional heterogeneity, suggesting that similar knowledge endowments may lead to different innovation effects depending on regional conditions. Originality / value / implications / recommendations | The study provides empirical evi¬dence on the importance of knowledge resources using a parsimonious PLS-SEM frame¬work. It highlights the distinction between input and output dimensions of innovation and underscores the need for context-sensitive regional innovation policies focused on strengthening knowledge assets and their effective utilisation. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21176 Tytuł: Sectoral Analysis of the Sensitivity of Stock Market Capitalisation to Inflation Using the Inflation Beta Coefficient Autorzy: Wiśniewska-Kuźma, Magda Abstrakt: Purpose | The objective of the study is to identify and quantify the relationship between changes in the inflation rate and the market capitalisation of companies across individual WSE subsectors, using the inflation beta coefficient over the period 2021–2025. Research method | The study employs the inflation beta coefficient as a measure of the response of the market capitalisation of companies from individual WSE subsectors to changes in the inflation rate over the period 2021–2025, based on quarterly data. Based on the arithmetic mean and standard deviation of the inflation beta coefficient, WSE subsectors were classified into four groups differing in the level and direction of exposure to inflation risk. Results | The conducted research confirms sectoral heterogeneity in the sensitivity of the market capitalisation of listed companies to changes in the inflation rate in Poland over the period from the first quarter of 2021 to the first quarter of 2025. The median values of the inflation beta coefficient for individual subsectors ranged from +1.81 to -0.94. A total of 58% of WSE subsectors exhibited a positive inflation beta coefficient, of which only five can be characterised as hedging against inflation risk (inflation beta above 1). These include metallurgy, fuels and gas, retail chains, new technologies, and leisure and recreation. The most negative inflation beta coefficients were observed in the banking, telecommunications, clothing and cosmetics, and medical equipment and supplies subsectors. Originality / value / implications / recommendations | The inflation beta coefficient may serve as one of the tools supporting risk management in the construction of investment portfolios. While numerous studies describe the relationship between inflation and the valuation of listed companies in developed markets, this study contributes to the existing literature by providing evidence based on companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/21167 Tytuł: Zmiany kompetencji analityczno‑cyfrowych w zawodach ekonomicznych: badanie ofert pracy w Polsce w latach 2015–2024 Autorzy: Karpińska, Kinga Abstrakt: Cel | Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja kierunku oraz określenie charakteru zmian w strukturze wymagań kompetencyjnych w zawodach ekonomicznych w Polsce w latach 2015–2024 ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rosnącego znaczenia kompetencji analityczno-cyfrowych. Metoda badań | Badanie oparto na analizie 4 932 internetowych ofert pracy z lat 2015–2024, stanowiących bezpośrednie źródło informacji o wymaganiach kompetencyjnych pracodawców. Wykorzystano metody ilościowe oraz opisowe, obejmujące analizę dynamiki zmian w czasie, estymację trendów z użyciem regresji liniowej, analizę struktury kompetencji oraz opisową analizę ich współwystępowania. Wnioski | Wyniki badania wskazują na systematyczny wzrost znaczenia kompetencji analityczno-cyfrowych przy jednoczesnym utrzymaniu istotnej roli kompetencji tradycyjnych. Zmiana ta ma charakter komplementarny, co oznacza, że nowe kompetencje nie zastępują dotychczasowych, lecz rozszerzają wymagany profil kompetencyjny pracowników. Oryginalność / wartość / implikacje / rekomendacje | Wartość artykułu wynika z wykorzystania dużego zbioru danych empirycznych pochodzących bezpośrednio z rynku pracy oraz z długookresowej analizy zmian kompetencyjnych. Uzyskane wyniki mają istotne implikacje dla systemu edukacji oraz polityki rynku pracy, wskazując na konieczność integracji kompetencji analitycznych i technologicznych w programach kształcenia ekonomistów oraz dostosowania ścieżek rozwoju zawodowego do rosnących wymagań gospodarki cyfrowej.; Purpose | The aim of the article is to identify the direction and to determine the nature of changes in the structure of competency requirements in economic professions in Poland between 2015 and 2024, with particular emphasis on the growing importance of analytical and digital competencies. Research method | The study is based on an analysis of 4,932 online job advertisements published between 2015 and 2024, which constitute a direct source of information on competency requirements formulated by employers. Both quantitative and descriptive methods were used, including an analysis of dynamics of change over time, trend estimation using linear regression, a competency structure analysis, and a descriptive analysis of their co-occurrence. Results | The results indicate a systematic increase in the importance of analytical and digital competencies, alongside the continued relevance of traditional skills. The observed transformation is complementary in nature, meaning that new competencies do not replace existing ones but rather expand the required skill set of workers. Originality / value / implications / recommendations | The value of the article lies in the use of large-scale empirical data directly sourced from the labour market and a long-term analysis of competency changes. The findings have important implications for education systems and labour market policies, highlighting the need to integrate analytical and technological skills into economics curricula and to adapt career development pathways to the growing demands of the digital economy. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z