http://hdl.handle.net/11320/18870 2026-06-01T13:16:26Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/18891 Tytuł: Umowy o dostarczanie treści cyfrowej lub usługi cyfrowej – uwagi dotyczące charakteru prawnego Autorzy: Konik, Piotr Abstrakt: Chapter 5b of the Consumer Rights Act covers the regulation of contracts for the supply of digital content or a digital service, which is the result of the implementation into the Polish legal order of Directive (EU) 2019/770 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2019 on Certain Aspects of Contracts for the Supply of Digital Content and Digital Services. This regulation brings up a number of legal issues, some of which are considered in this study. First and foremost is the question of whether a separate type of contract (in addition to, for example, a sale, exchange or donation contract) has been identified in this way. In view of the conclusion that we are only dealing with a certain class of contracts in this case, the question of what criteria determine inclusion in this category will be analysed, as well as the question of how to distinguish a contract for the supply of digital content from a contract for the supply of digital services. The study also includes a consideration of what type of named or unnamed contracts fall into this category. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/18890 Tytuł: Can a National Financial Supervisor Support the Development of the Fintech Sector? Innovation Hubs as a Tool for Supporting Innovation: The Examples of Poland, Estonia, and Italy Autorzy: Bartnik, Krystian Abstrakt: This article aims to examine one of the primary tools utilized by national financial supervisors to support innovative projects in the fintech sector. The analysis focuses primarily on the Innovation Hub established by the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (KNF), with additional insights provided from similar initiatives in two other European countries, Estonia (Finantsinspektsioon) and Italy (Bank of Italy). The article is further enriched by examples from other European Economic Area supervisors. The study seeks to address the question of whether national financial supervisors can effectively support innovative projects through instruments such as innovation hubs. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/18889 Tytuł: Administracja publiczna rynku finansowego wobec innowacji. Centrum innowacji (innovation hub), piaskownica regulacyjna (regulatory sanbox) i inne specjalne instytucje regulacyjne innowacji Autorzy: Maciejewski, Mariusz Abstrakt: The digitalization of products and services on the financial market creates new challenges for public authorities administering this area. The Polish Financial Supervision Authority (PFSA) has been legally obliged to take care of the security of the market and at the same time support the innovation of it. Currently, innovation is strongly related to digitalization. This means that the PFSA has had to find legal and organizational solutions to fulfil these obligations. This article presents an argument indicating the contradiction between security and innovation. It then discusses solutions that allow the maximization of both security and innovation in the financial market. These solutions were developed in the administrations of highly developed financial markets and have already been transferred or can be transferred to the practice of the PFSA. On the basis of the British solutions, the article gives the examples of and discusses the most important solutions, collectively referred to as special regulatory institutions for innovation, i.e. innovation hubs, regulatory and digital sandboxes and innovation pathways. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/18888 Tytuł: Koncepcja i podstawy prawne dla nowego ujęcia rejestru – „Rejestr 3.0” Autorzy: Szostek, Dariusz; Malarewicz-Jakubów, Agnieszka; Castellani, Maddalene Abstrakt: This article introduces the authors’ original concept of ‘Register 3.0’, a modernized model of public registers designed to meet the demands of the evolving European digital economy and the increasing algorithmization of law. In the context of significant regulatory developments in the European Union, particularly the adoption of the eIDAS2 Regulation, the authors emphasize the urgent need to reformulate the architecture and function of public registers. Register 3.0 is envisioned as an interoperable, automated, and highly secure data system, built upon cutting-edge technologies. A central component of this concept is datafication, understood as the real-time and automatic acquisition of data from reference sources without the need for manual processing. The article presents a comparative analysis of three generations of registers: traditional data repositories (Register 1.0), interoperable systems with partial automation (Register 2.0), and advanced registers integrated with algorithmic legal frameworks (Register 3.0), capable of issuing legal decisions and initiating cascading legal consequences autonomously. The authors discuss the possibility of embedding legal rules within algorithmic architecture – a process referred to as ‘crypto-law’ – where traditional legal norms are encoded directly into secure digital environments, thus enabling fully automated legal and administrative processes. Furthermore, the article explores practical applications of this concept, such as the Unified Business Registry system in Dubai, as proof of the feasibility and effectiveness of Register 3.0 in real-world scenarios. By examining the legal, technological, and institutional prerequisites for implementation, the authors argue that Register 3.0 not only supports the automation of state functions and judicial systems but also serves as a foundation for next-generation legaltech solutions. The study opens the door to further interdisciplinary research on adapting European legal frameworks to accommodate these innovations, positioning Register 3.0 as a cornerstone of future digital governance. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z