http://hdl.handle.net/11320/17901 2026-06-01T16:26:10Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/17930 Tytuł: A Difficult Neighbourhood with Hybrid War in the Background: An Analysis of Relations between Poland and Belarus Autorzy: Ziemblicki, Mateusz Hubert Abstrakt: Belarus has been dependent on the Russian Federation for many reasons for years. The possibilities for shaping its foreign policy are also very limited. Nevertheless, until recently, mutual relations with Poland still functioned, despite being complicated and not without difficult periods. However, the events related to the situation in Belarus after the rigged presidential elections in 2020, the enormity of the repression of representatives of the Belarusian opposition, parts of the media and ordinary citizens, the involvement of Belarus on the Russian side in its aggression against Ukraine, the hybrid war launched in mid-2021 consisting of the instrumental use of migrants for political purposes, and the subsequent packages of sanctions imposed by the European Union in response to these illegal and shameful actions raise legitimate questions about the future of mutual relations between Warsaw and Minsk. For this reason, it seems important to analyse the relations between Belarus, ruled continuously since 1997 by Lukashenko, and Poland. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/17928 Tytuł: The Observance of Human Rights and Freedoms during the Covert Obtaining of Information in Criminal Proceedings Autorzy: Babikov, Oleksandr; Fedorenko, Ihor; Omelchenko, Oleksandr; Lyseiuk, Andrii; Panova, Oksana Abstrakt: This article focuses on the analysis of problematic aspects of the system of internal control and judicial review over the protection of human rights and freedoms in the context of covert obtaining of information for the needs of criminal justice. Focusing on control measures and striking a balance between justice and human rights, the article dwells upon the effectiveness of supervision mechanisms and the factors affecting their efficiency. Analysis of legislation and case law of various European countries is therefore carried out to assess the effectiveness of control measures. Various factors that determine the effectiveness of control measures are examined. In addition, ways of solving these issues in the legislation of European countries and other jurisdictions are considered. As a result, the main problems and obstacles in ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens while secretly obtaining information for criminal justice are identified. Furthermore, the effectiveness of mechanisms of internal control and judicial review in criminal proceedings is evaluated. Finally, a course of actions is suggested to maintain the balance of interests between criminal justice and human rights and freedoms. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/17927 Tytuł: Integrating Routine Activity Theory and Transparency in Governance for Food Security through the Example of Operation Opson Autorzy: Marzęda-Młynarska, Katarzyna Abstrakt: This article explores the integration of criminology into food security policies through the lens of Routine Activity Theory (RAT) and transparency in governance, with a specific focus on Operation Opson. Food-related crimes, including fraud, theft, and contamination, pose significant threats to global food security and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger. The study develops an integrated framework combining RAT and transparency to identify, prevent, and respond to food-related crimes, ultimately strengthening food security. RAT helps map out the food supply chain’s vulnerabilities, identifying motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the absence of capable guardians. Transparency in governance enhances accountability and public trust by making regulatory processes and results openly accessible. The case study of Operation Opson, a joint initiative by Interpol and Europol, illustrates the practical application of this framework. The findings underscore the importance of incorporating criminological insights into food security strategies to achieve zero hunger by 2030, promoting a more secure and resilient global food system. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/17926 Tytuł: Considerations Regarding the Typology of Counter-Detection Measures in the Light of Quantitative Research on Organised Crime Groups that Recruit Football Hooligans Autorzy: Chlebowicz, Piotr; Safjański, Tomasz Abstrakt: Through the application of counter-detection activities, football hooligan groups in Poland have created organised crime networks, that are able to identify, locate and neutralise police intelligence activities. In the 20th and 21st centuries, the issue of counter-detection activities undertaken by members of organised crime groups has not been acknowledged by researchers. Therefore, the existing body of work on forensic tactics as a scientific discipline needs to be critically analysed, and new definitions need to be adopted. The scope of the study includes definitions of forms of counter-detection activities (e.g. counter-surveillance or inverse surveillance), as well as the classification and functions of counter-detection activities. The article seeks to establish a framework and define the conceptual grid and key assumptions underlying the concept of counter-detection activities. It is the first desk-research analysis to systematise knowledge on the counter-detection activities of criminal groups. Analysis results are the basis for the creation of a theory of anti-forensics,: its typology is presented with the example of groups of football hooligans. The authors define the concept of counter-detection activities and its purpose, and seek to delineate the basic forms and strategies of counter-detection. The knowledge presented is also referred to as ‘anti-forensics’, which in fact, is a specific area of knowledge on how to prevent the detection of crimes and criminals. This follows directly from the wording of the cardinal rule of all crime-fighting: ‘Think like a criminal’. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z