http://hdl.handle.net/11320/14981 2026-06-01T17:25:23Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/15002 Tytuł: Innovativeness of Small and Medium Enterprises in Central and Eastern Europe Autorzy: Wierzbicka, Anna; Owczarczuk, Magdalena Abstrakt: Goal – the sector of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is considered a driving force for economic development. The literature on the subject increasingly emphasises that it is SMEs that initiate transformation of an economy as they play a crucial role in implementing innovations that make it possible to enhance its competitive success. The purpose of the article is to assess the level of innovativeness (innovative activity) of small and medium enterprises in CEE countries. Research methodology – the article contains an analysis of innovation measures and indicators, including (among others) the share of enterprises classified as innovative, the level of outlays on research and development, the number of research workers, and the number of innovations implemented by companies. The authors verified two research hypotheses: H1: The SME sector in CEE is becoming increasingly more innovative; H2: CEE countries significantly differ in terms of the level of innovativeness in their SMEs. In order to achieve our purpose and verify the research hypotheses, we use publicly available data and indicators published by Eurostat or the European Commission. The study covers EU member states located in Central and Eastern Europe: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Score/result – the presented statistical data indicate that the innovativeness of small and medium enterprises in CEE countries is growing. An increasing number of SMEs can be classified as innovating companies. The firms’ own expenditure on R&D (BERD) and non-R&D innovation has also been rising. A marked increase can be observed in the number of employed scientists and R&D personnel in small and medium enterprises in CEE countries. It should be emphasised, however, that these countries vary significantly in terms of their levels of innovation in the SMEs sector. Originality/value – the review of the literature on the subject and the conducted analysis have highlighted serious problems with measuring innovation and the availability of data, particularly that regarding SMEs. On the other hand, the obtained results make it possible to identify areas of interest for future research projects. Among them, special attention is deserved by the reasons for the disparities in innovation across SMEs from CEE countries. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/15000 Tytuł: The Use of Internet Technologies and Export Performance: The Moderating Role of International Experience Autorzy: Trąpczyński, Piotr; Barłożewski, Krystian Abstrakt: Goal – the objective of the present study is to examine the moderating effect that internationalisation has on the relationship between the use of Internet technology on export performance. Research methodology – the study uses data on 500 Polish manufacturing companies with grounded foreign activities for the period between 2017 and 2019. To test our hypotheses a fixed-effects regression analysis was employed. Score/results – the relationship between the implemented internet technologies and operational efficiency is visible only for highly internationalised companies, supporting the hypothesised moderating effect of the international experience. The implemented passive internet technologies may, contrary to expectations, even have a negative impact on the company’s efficiency. Originality/value – This study contributes to extant research by adopting a broader concept of export model, including the use of modern marketing and sales concepts, in addition to the previous understanding of market strategy used in export research. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/14999 Tytuł: The Influx of War Refugees from Ukraine – Recommendations for Poland Based on Turkey’s Experiences Autorzy: Szkołut, Sylwia Abstrakt: Goal – the presentation of analysis results regarding the numerical comparison of migration crises caused by refugee displacements from Syria and Ukraine and the identification of challenges faced by Poland based on Turkey’s experiences related to the mass influx of refugees. Research methodology – the examination of Poland’s and Turkey’s official state documents, a review of articles and existing studies, the analysis of statistical data on the flows of persons from the following databases: the UNHCR, the UN Population Division, data from the Polish Chancellery of the Prime Minister and the Office for Foreigners. The research methods used also include synthesis and inference. Score/results – although the Syrian and Ukrainian migration crises show various differences, Poland can certainly draw on Turkey’s proven tools and avoid solutions having hindered integration and contributed to the exclusion of Syrian refugees. However, Turkey’s and Poland’s experiences represent evidence for other countries that it is necessary to have a clearly defined migration policy in place. Originality/value – the originality of the article lies in the comparison of the two largest migration crises of recent years and an attempt to identify challenges faced by Poland in connection with the influx of war refugees and possible solutions based on Turkey’s experiences. In addition, the subject has significant research potential due to the imminent economic crisis in Ukraine, which may trigger another wave of migration. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11320/14998 Tytuł: Is European Green Deal Doomed to Share the Paths of Previous Multiannual EU Strategies? Autorzy: Szczech-Pietkiewicz, Ewelina; Radło, Mariusz Jan Abstrakt: Goal – to analyse feasibility of the European Green Deal in the perspective of implementation experience of the previous multiannual EU strategies. Research methodology – comparative multi-level and multi-period analysis, review of documentation and literature review and other methods including synthesis and deduction. Score/results – the authors indicated a number of problems hindering the implementation of past multiannual EU strategies that were not solved in the current one. However, potential success factors of the European Green Deal implementation were also identified. Originality/value – value of the analysis lays in contextual reference to development and growth programmes of the EU. Conclusions are based on the comparative approach. The paper is original, not previously published. 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z