DSpace Kolekcja:http://hdl.handle.net/11320/8222024-03-28T14:53:49Z2024-03-28T14:53:49ZStosunki międzyetniczne na Wileńszczyźnie w latach okupacji nazistowskiej (1941–1944)Bubnys, Arūnashttp://hdl.handle.net/11320/9882022-02-18T10:49:28Z2008-01-01T00:00:00ZTytuł: Stosunki międzyetniczne na Wileńszczyźnie w latach okupacji nazistowskiej (1941–1944)
Autorzy: Bubnys, Arūnas
Abstrakt: The strategic aim of the Third Reich towards the Baltic Sea countries was their
colonization and germanization. 1/3 of the Lithuanians were to be germinized. The
rest of the Lithuanians and Poles were to be resettled east. In the first years of the
occupation German administration’s policy was favorable towards the Lithuanians.
They took the most important posts in the local administration of the Vilnius
district, moreover, they held executive power in their hands. On the other hand,
the German administration controlled the activity of the Lithuanian administration
and did not allow to discriminate Poles, Belorussians and Russians. The Germans
tried to take advantage of the Poles and Belorussians to restrain the Lithuanians’
political aspirations. All nationalities were incited against Jews. In the second half
of 1943 the German policy was already favorable towards Poles. The occupants
avoided mass repressions. What is more, the German policy towards Belorussians
and Russians was moderate and relatively soft. The Germans supported national
rebirth of Belorussians. They tried to take advantage of Belorussian nationalism
against Lithuanians and Poles. The German administration supported religious
and cultural life of the Russians, propagated Russians’ “trips” to Germany to work
there, encouraged them to join the police and army, and tried to separate the
Russians from the impact of bolshevism.; Стратегической целью третьего рейха по отношению к прибалтийским
странам была их колонизация и германизация. Германизации должна была
подвергнуться 1/3 литовцев. Остальные литовцы и поляки должны быть переселены на восток. В первые годы оккупации политика немецкой администрации в отношении к литовцам была благоприятной. Они заняли самые главные посты в местной администрации виленского округа, в их руках была исполнительная власть. С другой стороны, немецкая администрация контролировала
деятельность литовской администрации и не разрешала ей дискриминировать
поляков, белорусов и русских. В качестве тормоза политических стремлений
литовцев немцы пытались использовать поляков и белорусов. Все национальности натравливались на евреев. Во второй половине 1943 г. немецкая политика уже была направлена на поляков. Оккупанты избегали массовых репресий.
Также немецкая политика по отношению к белорусам и русским была умеренной и относительно мягкой. Немцы поддерживали национальное возрождение
белорусов. Пытались использовать белорусский национализм против литовцев
и поляков. Немецкая администрация поддерживала религиозную и культурную
жизнь русских, пропагандировала выезды русских на работу в Германию, наклоняла их вступать в полицию и армию, пыталась изолировать русских от
влияния большевизма.2008-01-01T00:00:00ZLosy polskiego dziedzictwa kulturalnego w latach drugiej wojny światowej i po jej zakończeniu w historiografiiMatelski, Dariuszhttp://hdl.handle.net/11320/9592022-02-21T10:52:49Z2008-01-01T00:00:00ZTytuł: Losy polskiego dziedzictwa kulturalnego w latach drugiej wojny światowej i po jej zakończeniu w historiografii
Autorzy: Matelski, Dariusz
Abstrakt: Already in autumn 1939 departments of Polish government in exile started
works aiming at cataloguing losses suffered in consequence of warfare and the Occupants’ policy (they were done by archivists, librarians, museum employees and
art historians involved in the activity of Polish underground State). The total summary of the enormity of plunder and losses inflicted by the Occupants of Poland
in 1939–1944 in the scope of cultural property was made in London upon the request of Polish government in exile by the team of experts led by Karol Estreicher
(1906–1984). This subject was also discussed by national magazines straight after
the War. The intensification of research on the restitution of cultural property on
a wider scale was initiated only after the October Crisis of 1956 when the vassal
dependence on USSR slackened. Then postulates to return the archives, works of
art and book collections that had been seized after 17th September, 1939 were put
forward to Moscow. The restitution from other countries during the times of the
People’s Republic of Poland was only signaled in very few articles and minor contributions. Unable to deal freely with the issues of revindication with the PRL’s
neighbors, Polish historiography returned to research on the interwar period and
World War II. However, only after 12th September, 1989, when the III Republic of
Poland was born and censorship was liquidated, it was possible to commence free
research on the plunder of Polish archives, works of art and book collections during
World War II and directly after it.2008-01-01T00:00:00ZTroska o zewnętrzne bezpieczeństwo odrodzonego państwa polskiegoWrzosek, Mieczysławhttp://hdl.handle.net/11320/8972022-02-21T11:14:39Z2008-01-01T00:00:00ZTytuł: Troska o zewnętrzne bezpieczeństwo odrodzonego państwa polskiego
Autorzy: Wrzosek, Mieczysław
Opis: recenzja2008-01-01T00:00:00ZИсториография и источники военноинженерной подготовки Западного Особого Военного Округа в 1939–1941Piwowarczyk, Siergiejhttp://hdl.handle.net/11320/8422022-02-21T10:36:21Z2008-01-01T00:00:00ZTytuł: Историография и источники военноинженерной подготовки Западного Особого Военного Округа в 1939–1941
Autorzy: Piwowarczyk, Siergiej
Abstrakt: The history of fortifications in modern times has been the subject of detailed
historical studies neither in Belarus nor post-Soviet states until recent time. The
literature concerning Soviet long-term fortifications in Belarus may be divided into
two groups. The first one includes books and articles about various aspects of the
history of USSR in the interwar period, which discuss the issues of military and
technical preparation of USSR’s borders to a greater or smaller extent, and the
second one, which includes specialist works on fortification construction in Belarus
and a role of fortifications in the fights in the initial period of the Great Patriotic
War. Polish authors’ research is worth noticing among foreign publications. The
main object of these authors’ research was a system of Soviet fortifications along
a new Soviet-German border (so called “Molotov Line”) in 1939–1941). No wonder,
as the greater part of long-term fortification objects (Zambrow and Osowiec wholly
Fortified Region, Przemysk, Raworusk, Brest and Hrodna region – in major part)
became a part of the territory of contemporary Poland after the War. Polish historians pay attention to general methodological problems of research on prewar Soviet
fortifications and individual historical-fortification complexes, including Brest and
Hrodna Fortified Region). Belorussian historiography practically lacks publications
on tactical and technical-constructive characteristics of individual complexes and
long-term fortification buildings as well as their weapons and interior equipment.
Despite some success of Belorussian and foreign researchers (first of all the Polish
ones), a great part of the 20th century Belarus fortification heritage remains insufficiently explored, and in many cases – not embraced by scientific research at all.2008-01-01T00:00:00Z