http://hdl.handle.net/11320/7199 2026-06-01T07:40:52Z 2026-06-01T07:40:52Z Roszkowska, Małgorzata http://hdl.handle.net/11320/7217 2018-12-03T14:10:17Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Tytuł: Economic effectiveness of quality activities – the essence and conditionings of measurement Autorzy: Roszkowska, Małgorzata Abstrakt: The aim of the paper is to discuss the concept of the efficiency of quality activities, its measurement conditionings and to verify the selected solutions in the context of a production company’s business practice. The research presented in the paper required a review of the subject literature, and the proposed solutions are identified on the basis of empirical data from the analyzed enterprise. The obtained results prove that it is possible to use both the indicator analysis and the assumptions of the model of Activity Based Costing (ABC) for evaluation of the economic efficiency of quality activities. The solutions presented in the paper may be used in practice by production companies which attach relatively high importance to the quality of the goods they manufacture.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Karpińska, Kinga http://hdl.handle.net/11320/7216 2018-12-03T14:09:41Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Tytuł: Innovation versus structural changes in employment in the light of the available statistical data in podlaskie voivodeship Autorzy: Karpińska, Kinga Abstrakt: Aim – The study aimed at defining the role of innovation as a factor related to shaping the regional labor market. The Author, based on the results of the available data, attempted to define the relation between innovative activity companies and employment and to verify the hypothesis that the implementation of innovation has influence on the increase of working positions and results in a change in the structure of employment in the region. Research methodology – The paper presents selected data from the Central Statistical Office, including mainly the results concerning the outlays on R&D, the activity of companies in Podlaskie voivodeship, and employment, including the division into PKD sections from 2007. On the basis of the conducted study there was conducted analysis of the impact that the implementation of innovations in particular sections has had on the increase of employment in them. Result – The influence of innovation on employment is connected to so-called creative destruction, which means that on the one hand innovation destroys existing working positions, but on the other hand it creates new ones – more specialized and requiring new knowledge. Originality/value – The analysis of the impact of implementing innovations on the employment level in particular sections of Podlaskie voivodeship.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Roszkowska, Ewa http://hdl.handle.net/11320/7215 2018-12-03T14:08:52Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Tytuł: Comprehensive analysis of the process of population ageing in Poland in the years 1950–2016 Autorzy: Roszkowska, Ewa Abstrakt: Aim – The main aim of the study is to determine the dynamics of the ageing process of the Polish population and to present a forecast of population ageing based on comprehensive analysis of the age structure of this population. The separated components of this structure are biological age groups: 0–14, 15–64, 65 years and more. The time period of the research comprises the years 1950–2016, while the population forecast by age is presented for 2020 and 2050. The elaboration includes data from GUS. Research methodology – In assessing the level of the ageing of Polish society there were used, among others, the old age index, old age coefficient, a measure of the similarity of structures, a measure of the structural change intensity, and the median age. Score – In the years 1950–2016 in Poland there were observed changes in the age structure of the population in age groups: 0–14 years old, 15–64 years old, 65 years old and more, including a steady trend in the percentage of people in the age group 0–14 years old and a steady upward trend in the percentage of people aged 65 and over, a strong upward trend in the old age index, and a strong tendency of increase in the post-working age dependency ratio. The Central Statistical Office’s (GUS) forecasts indicate that the population ageing measured by changes in the age structure of the population and the shifting of the median age which are taking place in Poland in a dynamic manner, will continue with increased intensity over the next decades. Originality/value – The added value of the work is the use of the similarity of structures and the intensity of structure changes, which together with an approach based on classical indicators allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the age structure of the Polish population in dynamic terms, determining the quantitative nature of changes in the age structure over time, the direction of these changes and their intensity. It was also pointed out that in light of the ongoing demographic transformations, the concept of silver economy understood as an economic system aimed at using the potential of the elderly and taking into account their needs is becoming a priority.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z Grzega, Urszula http://hdl.handle.net/11320/7214 2018-12-03T14:08:09Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Tytuł: Macroeconomic determinants of the standard of living – theoretical considerations Autorzy: Grzega, Urszula Abstrakt: The aim of this paper is to make reflections on the macroeconomic determinants of the standard of living. They serve as the presentation of selected issues in terms of their impact on the degree of satisfying the needs of the population. They lead to the conclusion that the standard of living is the result of the comprehensive impact of many determinants of diverse nature (both macro- and microeconomic). There are numerous cause-and-effect connections between these determinants, but it is assumed that economic macro-determinants have a primary character in comparison with other determinants. They shape the basic conditions of the functioning of consumption entities. Thus, they constitute a kind of economic background and starting point as regards meeting the needs of particular groups and the standard of living in general. Although their influence is significant, it is also defined as indirect, deferred in time, and difficult to measure.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z