DSpace Kolekcja:http://hdl.handle.net/11320/62562024-03-28T18:10:56Z2024-03-28T18:10:56ZThe problem of racism in Kathryn Stockett’s novel The HelpSzulkowska, Agatahttp://hdl.handle.net/11320/62672018-02-02T11:16:26Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZTytuł: The problem of racism in Kathryn Stockett’s novel The Help
Autorzy: Szulkowska, Agata
Abstrakt: This article analyzes Kathryn Stockett’s The Help (2009) with the main focus on the presentation of the ubiquitous problem of racism experienced by African Americans in the United States. Specifically, it demonstrates shameful, humiliating and unbearable living conditions of black maids in the 1960s in Jackson, Mississippi. It discusses different types of racism, such as overt, institutional, and structural, which occur in this community. Additionally, this paper provides an overview of the history of racism in the USA. The purpose of this article is to examine the history of interracial relationships in the USA, which sheds light on the problem of white supremacy, as well as demonstrates the damaging consequences of racial prejudice. However, the main objective of the paper is to analyse the relationships between white and black characters inhabiting Jackson, Mississippi as depicted in Kathryn Stockett’s The Help.2017-01-01T00:00:00ZAgainst Old English ‘short’ diphthongsSobol, Helenahttp://hdl.handle.net/11320/62662018-02-02T11:15:53Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZTytuł: Against Old English ‘short’ diphthongs
Autorzy: Sobol, Helena
Abstrakt: Since the earliest grammars, Old English has been analysed as having a length contrast in diphthongs, containing both regular, bimoraic ones, side by side with cross-linguistically unique monomoraic ones. The supposedly monomoraic diphthongs [io eo æɑ] arose through back umlaut and breaking. Unsurprisingly, they have become the source of possibly the greatest controversy in OE phonology, which still remains unresolved. The present paper refutes the main arguments for a length contrast in OE diphthongs. Instead, it argues for a generative phonological analysis, where the diphthongs constitute monomoraic monophthongs in the underlying representation, and bimoraic diphthongs in the surface representation.2017-01-01T00:00:00ZThe effect of transparency on a three-cycle model of manipulative discourseSaeed Almaroof, Rana A.http://hdl.handle.net/11320/62652018-02-02T11:14:44Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZTytuł: The effect of transparency on a three-cycle model of manipulative discourse
Autorzy: Saeed Almaroof, Rana A.
Abstrakt: It is assumed that manipulative discourse can carry various types of messages on the continuum of sincerity, such as: truth, persuasion (argumentation), deception and manipulation. These different intended meanings can cause variations within the ‘transparency factor’. The transparency factor is controlled by specific social and pragmatic factors. Generally speaking, manipulative discourse is far away from transparency because it entails the use of implicit strategies and processes to achieve a final goal. The highly transparent type of discourse is the testimony where the speaker’s intention is to present truth that is supported by explicit strategies and processes. Within this continuum, there is the persuasion where the speaker’s intention is to convince the addressee without exerting any power upon the receiver. Other types, such as coercion and deception, may show a lower degree of transparency because they are used to mislead the hearer with or without the use of the social effect such as ‘power’. Accordingly, a theoretical framework which treats manipulation as a three-cycle of the meaning-making process is proposed. It is assumed that this model helps in classifying manipulative texts into different types based on the transparency factors. The aim of this study is to provide a theoretical framework that can be adopted by researchers to analyze types of discourse in terms of transparency taking into consideration the speaker, the text itself and the hearer. All these factors in the three-cycle model help in shaping the degree of transparency that a text may show.2017-01-01T00:00:00ZDo English learners from different countries approach (“compose”) topics differently? A study reportDaszkiewicz, Michałhttp://hdl.handle.net/11320/62572018-02-01T11:30:32Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZTytuł: Do English learners from different countries approach (“compose”) topics differently? A study report
Autorzy: Daszkiewicz, Michał
Abstrakt: The paper reports on a study with over 600 respondents (EFL students) from 18 countries, concerning their personal approach to mastering two selected topics (Clothes and Sport). The hypotheses and the major conclusions relate to four facets – structure, lexis, correctness, fluency – which are presented in the paper as components to which L2 students need to be positively oriented to fully master any given topic. The study reveals structural orientation (within and across topics) to be approached least positively and, contrary to initial expectations – correct use of language being as much desired as the mastery of lexis and attainment of fluency. Most crucial empirical observations concern intercultural differences detected on the topical level, discrepancies between declared practices and indecisiveness in learning, and resignation from learning habits boosting control over the language learnt. The study is grounded in the concept of ‘composing one’s own English’ as a personalised approach conducive to what is referred in the paper as formal control over it.2017-01-01T00:00:00Z