http://hdl.handle.net/11320/18302 2026-06-01T16:12:56Z 2026-06-01T16:12:56Z Zielińska, Joanna Bogna http://hdl.handle.net/11320/18336 2025-07-03T11:04:12Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Tytuł: The Diversity of EU Member States in Terms of Technological Competitiveness in 2019 and 2022 Autorzy: Zielińska, Joanna Bogna Abstrakt: Goal – The aim of the paper is to evaluate the diversity of EU member states in terms of technological competitiveness in 2019 and 2022 and to assess relationships between technological competitiveness and eco-innovativeness. Three research questions were developed: did technological competitiveness deteriorate due to pandemic? Does technological competitiveness influence eco-innovativeness of EU countries? Do external or internal sources of technological competitiveness contribute to the higher level of eco-innovativeness? Research methodology – Hellwig’s method was used to rank EU countries on their technological competitiveness with division to classes of objects with similar features. Relationship between technological competitiveness and eco-innovativeness was researched with the use of Spearman’s correlation coefficient and the influence of technological competitiveness’ single variables on eco-innovativeness was assessed. Score/results – The technological competitiveness of EU member states remains below the average level, but it has improved in the analysed period. A strong positive relationship between technological competitiveness and eco-innovations in 2019 has decreased to a moderate level in 2022. A strong correlation was found between patent applications to the EPO and the level of eco-innovativeness of EU countries. Originality/value – The originality of paper is represented by the chosen research method and the set of diagnostic variables. The value of the research results is associated with identifying features fostering eco-innovativeness which can be strengthened by innovation policy.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z Wołyniec, Łukasz http://hdl.handle.net/11320/18335 2025-07-03T10:13:42Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Tytuł: Statistical and Demographic Sources of Knowledge about Small Towns – An Outline Autorzy: Wołyniec, Łukasz Abstrakt: Goal – The purpose of this paper is to review the selected statistical and demographic sources of knowledge about small towns based on selected Polish and European examples. Due to the limitations of this article, the text is an outline which requires further elaboration in other publications. Research methodology – The article is a review paper, so the applied method is desk research on the already existing sources supplemented by the author’s own methodological experience. Score/results – The paper begins with the description of the basic divisions and typologies of sources in social research and then concentrates on existing sources, mainly public statistics in the context of small towns and local communities. It also describes simple methods of usage of basic demographic data stored in Local Data Bank to analyse the dynamics of demographic change in local communities or to prepare quota sample. It also discusses other data repositories provided by Statistics Poland (GUS) and (to lesser extent) Eurostat. In addition, the article proposes to use the results of other research, which, although originally intended for other purposes, may be indirectly relevant to the condition of small towns – studies in commuting within agglomeration. Originality/value – Although many researchers use data deposited in SP (GUS) repositories, such as the Local Data Bank, there is an apparent shortage of review papers on these issues with methodological inclinations. This article, although in outline form which will be developed in the future, may still help beginning researchers in their search and analysis of statistical sources about small towns and local communities.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z Wołkonowski, Jarosław http://hdl.handle.net/11320/18334 2025-07-03T08:50:20Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Tytuł: Changes of Enterprises Sector in the Baltic States in The Period of the Covid-19 Pandemic and of the Russian-Ukrainian War Autorzy: Wołkonowski, Jarosław Abstrakt: Goal – An attempt to assess the trends of changes in the number and structure of Baltic enterprises by employment, turnover and for selected industries during the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war. Industries most affected by changes due to the pandemic crisis and war were selected for evaluation. Research methodology – To assess the implications of Covid-19 and the Russian-Ukrainian war on the number and structure of enterprises in the analysed countries and in selected industries, a benchmarking method was applied for the period 2019–2023 according to a number of indicators. Changes in the Baltic countries’ trade with Russia in the context of the introduced sanctions and restrictions were also examined. Score/results – The introduced lockdowns and economic sanctions against Russia have caused significant changes in both the number of enterprises and their structure. The analysis showed that micro-enterprises in the Baltic States proved to be more resilient to external shocks and more flexible in adapting their activities to the new realities. The shares of industry and trade have shrunk, while IT, education and health have increased. Originality/value – The analysis carried out in the article allows for the identification of quantitative and qualitative changes in the business sector of the Baltic States and thus contributes to the scientific discussion on this topic. The research can be considered preliminary due to the too short research period, requiring further development.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z Wierzbicka, Anna http://hdl.handle.net/11320/18333 2025-07-24T10:57:19Z 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Tytuł: The Significance of Regional Smart Specialisations in Development of Enterprises: The Case of the Podlaskie Voivodeship Autorzy: Wierzbicka, Anna Abstrakt: Goal – The purpose of this article is to analyse the significance of regional smart specialisations for supporting local enterprises, using the case of Podlaskie Voivodeship. In the course of analyses and deliberations, the following research hypothesis was tested: implementing regional smart specialisations plays a crucial role in the growth of enterprises in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Research methodology – In order to achieve the objective and verify the hypothesis, the author applied literature reviews, descriptive and comparative analyses based on publicly available secondary data published by the Central Statistical Office (GUS), as well as reports and documents prepared by the local government authorities of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Score/results – Without doubt, the shift in the paradigm of regional development based on the theory of learning regions, investing in solutions supportive of entrepreneurship, enhancing competitiveness, and fostering innovation is essential for the economic growth of individual countries. Since it is not possible to be a leader in all spheres of the economy, specialisation is becoming increasingly important. Originality/value – The conducted analysis yielded a positive assessment of the impact of regional specialisations on the development of enterprises in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Favourable trends have been observed with regards to the number of national economy entities operating in the private sector per 10,000 working-age inhabitants, expenditures on R&D activities in relation to GDP, the share of enterprise expenditures in total R&D expenditures, as well as the share of net revenue from the sale of innovative products in industrial enterprises in total net sales revenue. All values indicate a positive direction of changes in the economic structure of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. In view of the above, the research hypothesis has been validated. The implementation of regional smart specialisations plays an important role in the development of enterprises in the Podlaskie Voivodeship.

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z