http://hdl.handle.net/11320/18174 2026-06-01T16:16:01Z 2026-06-01T16:16:01Z Pachnik, Cezary http://hdl.handle.net/11320/18207 2025-04-16T10:58:52Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Tytuł: The Right of the Child to Be Vaccinated as Derived from the Right to Life: The Perspective of Polish Public Law Autorzy: Pachnik, Cezary Abstrakt: This article examines the debate surrounding the right to vaccination in the context of increasing vaccine hesitancy. The study posits that children’s right to vaccination results from their fundamental right to life. The first section explores the normative expansion of human rights and the implications of recognizing children’s vaccination as a right. The second section assesses the potential consequences of the recognition of the child’s right to be vaccinated as being derived from the right to life. The final section analyses Polish legislation on mandatory vaccinations for children, evaluating its effectiveness in protecting the right. The paper concludes that the recognition of children’s right to be vaccinated requires legal protections comparable to those for the right to life, highlighting vaccination’s critical role in safeguarding individual and public health, and that Polish law needs to be more effective in protecting the child’s right to be vaccinated.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Haberko, Joanna Niziołek, Krzysztof http://hdl.handle.net/11320/18206 2025-04-16T09:35:55Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Tytuł: Wykorzystywanie algorytmów sztucznej inteligencji w rozpoznawaniu twarzy w celu określenia podobieństwa fenotypowego w procedurach medycznie wspomaganej prokreacji Autorzy: Haberko, Joanna; Niziołek, Krzysztof Abstrakt: The considerations presented here cover one aspect of the use of AI algorithms in the process of establishing phenotypic similarity between a cell donor or embryo donors and those interested in parenthood and the child. The Infertility Treatment Act does not expressly exclude the use of AI algorithms, which may help to achieve the goal of phenotypic similarity but may, contrary to the intention of the legislature, serve to disclose the data of a person or persons to whom the Act, by design, provides anonymity. The authors analyse the acceptability of using images of donor reproductive cells and the use of AI algorithms to establish phenotypic similarity. Both benefits and potential risks remain under consideration.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Michałowska, Kinga Ambrożuk-Wesołowska, Dorota http://hdl.handle.net/11320/18205 2025-04-16T08:15:34Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Tytuł: Ochrona praw małoletnich pacjentów w świetle wymogów dokumentu Standardy ochrony małoletnich Autorzy: Michałowska, Kinga; Ambrożuk-Wesołowska, Dorota Abstrakt: From 15 August 2024, institutions providing healthcare services where children are or may be present are required to introduce an additional mandatory document, the so-called Standards for the Protection of Minors. The essence of this document is to ensure the safety of a minor patient in relations with the entity’s staff, other minor patients and persons close to them. The legislature’s idea was to indicate the principles determining safe contact with a minor and the procedures for responding in any situation of suspicion that a child is being harmed. Unfortunately, the universal scheme set out by the Act is difficult to implement to the same extent in every institution; it therefore requires adaptation to the specifics of its activity. It also requires taking into account the risks that may occur in a given place and the provisions regulating the activity of the entity and its internal regulations. This article aims to present selected problems noticed during the development and introduction of the document on standards for the protection of minors in medical institutions.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z Księżak, Paweł Duszyńska-Misarko, Katarzyna http://hdl.handle.net/11320/18204 2025-04-16T07:07:53Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Tytuł: Zdolność zarodka do dziedziczenia Autorzy: Księżak, Paweł; Duszyńska-Misarko, Katarzyna Abstrakt: Only those who are alive at the time of the opening of a succession, i.e. at the time of the testator’s death, have the capacity to inherit. A child conceived at the opening of the succession also has the capacity to inherit if it is born alive (nasciturus). There is a continuing debate in legal science as to whether, in the case of assisted reproduction techniques (MAP), an embryo should also be considered as such a nasciturus prior to its transfer into the mother’s body. This article demonstrates that there are no normative reasons in Polish law to differentiate the legal situation of a child depending on whether the death of the person from whom it can inherit occurred before or after the implantation of the embryo into the mother’s body. The legislature has not chosen to modify the principle that it is the moment of conception of the child, and not any other, that determines the beginning of the capacity to inherit. The practical difficulties that may arise for the succession proceedings from the fact that the embryo may remain outside the mother’s body for a very long time are not of such a nature as to override the need for the child’s interest. However, a statutory regulation of this issue should be advocated. Opis: Artykuł został w głównej mierze oparty na nieopublikowanej dotychczas rozprawie doktorskiej dr Katarzyny Duszyńskiej-Misarko pt. Sytuacja cywilnoprawna embrionu w fazie przedimplantacyjnej obronionej 1 grudnia 2023 r. na Wydziale Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, napisanej pod kierunkiem prof. dr. hab. Pawła Księżaka.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z